Chapter two homework

Chapter two homework Chapter Two Homework 1. What are some typical technical goals for organizations today? Scalability, availability, Performance, Security, Usability, manageability, adaptability, affordability. 2. What does availability mean? Its can be expressed as a percent uptime per year, month, week, day, or hour compared to the total time in that period. It does also be expressed as a mean time between failure (MTBF) and mean time to repair (MTTR). 3. If a network is up for 835 hours in five weeks, what is the availability? In the week = 24 x 7 = 168 hour in one week So, 168 x 5 = 840 hour So the availability is 835 / 840 = 0.994 x 100 = 99.4 % 4. Using the five nines availability, what is the down time in second per four weeks? One weeks in second = 60 x 60 x 24 x 7 = 604800 second 4 Weeks = 604800 x 4 = 2419200 second Availability = 1 0.99999 = 0.000001 second So the downtime is 0.000001 * 2419200 = 24.192 second. 5. What does the term hot-swapping means, and what the reasons for using it? 6. A customer requires 99.999% availability, how would you carry out maintenance for such a network? Assume that hot-swapping is not possible 7. What are the typical bit error rate BER of a fiber link copper link? 8. If a load is 115kbps where a packet switch needs to transmit it over an ISDN circuit (128kbps), what is the utilization? How many packets in the queue? Utilization = 115/128 = 0.898% Average number of packets in queue = (0.898) / 1-0.898) = 8,804 Packets 9. How do bandwidth and throughput differ? Bandwidth: is a data carrying capacity of a circuit, usually specified in bits per second Throughput is the quantity of error free data transmitted per unit of time, usually specified in packets per second 10. How can one improve network efficiency? More the packet is larger more the efficiency of the network will be. 11. What are the security threats if a network device is compromised? Data flowing through the network can be intercepted, analyzed, altered, or deleted, compromising integrity and confidentiality. Additional, related network services, which rely on trust among network devices, can be compromised. For example, bad routing data or incorrect authentication information could be injected into the network. User passwords can be compromised and used for further intrusions and perhaps to reach out and attack other networks. The configuration of the device can be altered to allow connections that shouldnt be allowed or to disallow connections that should be allowed. 12. What tradeoffs may be necessary in order to improve network efficiency? Implementing good throughput for one application might cause delay problems for another application. The cause of the efficiency of the (network) throughput is the packet size, so if one application have large packet size to make it efficiency the other packet for another application may dont have capacity on the network. 13. Redundancy is not one of the network goals, what is meant by redundancy? Explain to what network goal is related and why? Redundancy means adding duplicate links or devices to a network to avoid downtime. Redundancy is linked to Availability, but redundancy is not a network goal, but redundant network topologies are becoming more and more significant for many networks design client who want to make certain business continuity after a major fault or disaster.

Inner Journeys Essay

What extent has studying the concept of inner journeys expanded your understanding of yourself individuals and of the world? Inner journeys are about the process in which we move from naivity to maturity. In this proccess we learn new things about ourself that help us grow and become wiser and better people. The texts cosi by louis Nowra, the film groudhog day and the poem the road not taken all depict journeys of the mind and spirit which open up a greater understanding of the sense of self. In cosi louis nowra presents the inner journey of lewis, a young first time director who is hired to direct a play to bring the inmates of an asylum ‘out of their shells ‘. At the begining of the play lewis is indecisive in his understanding of others, uncertain of his opinions and unconfident of his own abilies. Diresting cosi fan tutti with emotionally and mentally handicapped people is the catalysts for lewis’ own emotional and mental maturity. As a metaphor for the world the charred theatre represents the challenges that will confront lewis. The characterization of lewis is established by the realism that of his language when he initially states † i need the money. However this realism is threatened when both nick and lucy leave him alone to deal with the inmates. lewis’s growing fear and uncertainty is emphasized through Nowra’s stage directions. Gradually as lewis spends more time with the patients like when he like when he lies about cherry â€Å"thats why she spends so much time in the toilets in order to keep the production going he starts to see the value it has for them. Lewis also changes his attitude toward love and fidelity. This evident in the contrast when he says † loves not so important nowadays† to now saying â€Å"without love the world wouldn’t mean much†. Nowra uses the play within play within play structure to emphasize the importance of love and fidelity. The opera cosi fan tutti functions somewhat as a mimetic device as it becomes a reflection of lewis’ relationship with lucy and his realisation that fidelity is an essential part of love. The inner journey that allowed lewis to gain this insight has been a product of his relationship with the mental patients. Finally lewis develops personally as a a director. Initially conveyed as a timid character, evident as roy talks over him, he learns to control and direct as he gains the respect of the mental patients. The film groundhog day starring bill Murray show’s the Inner journey of Phill as he is trapped in a recurring day. Through the brilliance of the plot we can observe as he deals with his unique predicament. We see how he struggles to find meaning and purpose in life. Each day he experiments with new thoughts and behaviors and he learns what works and what doesn’t. Any change that occurs must be inside him because only he can change. All the other characters repaet eaxcly what they did the day before. This shines an intense light on Phils abilty to change himself. Over countless days he learns that what pleasure he thought would make him happy have failed to, and he has to accept his old self has completely run out of steam. From this he is forced to place all his attention on changing the way he interprets the world, on his personal reality by changing his attitudes, values thoughts and feelings. like lewis he literally recreates himself becoming a mature. loving and giving person. His journey proves that inner change is the key to personal growth and happiness. The road not taken by Robert frost uses a metaphor of traveling to explore our chooses in life. It depicts the difficulty of making choices available and presented to people. Frost traces the way we make decisions, enjoying the options life has to offer us yet he also acknowledges that we cannot realistically do everything that is presented to us. The first person perspective instantly brings the audience close to the experience being recounted. The use of ‘i’ establishes the personas personal dilemmas as his journey brings him to â€Å"two roads diverge in a yellow wood†. â€Å"Two roads† and yellow woods are metaphors for the choices he confronts. Rhyming creates a flow to the piece while the rhythm forces us to pause effective for thinking what the persona is contemplating. Stanza 1 shows that persona is ‘sorry i could not travel both’ roads and show that life’s journey requires chooses that exclude alternatives. The second stanza shows that the choice has been made. The use of the language â€Å"As just as Fair and † Perhaps suggests both roads are equal. However there is slight confusion of the personas choice, conveyed in ‘perhaps the better claim, really about the same’. At the time of his choice he believes it was a better claim than the other. Later he thinks there much the same. In the third stanza, the exclamation ‘ oh I kept the first for another day†! suggests the optimism of being able to retread ones steps and take life’s journey by a different route. But the use of the conjunction ‘yet’ he later says ‘ I doubted if i should ever come back’ which suggests that after taking one route, That’s the route he has to live by, it is a choice he has made in life. Finally in the last stanza the pause suggests regret. The persona is now not sure if he took the better route but this decision is one we have to make in life and we have to life with the consequences and hopefully learn from our past experiences. The poem suggests that inner journeys are irreversible and the choice we make define the person who we become and our understanding of life and the world. This idea is similar to lewis experience where his decision to direct Cosi fan tutti moulds him. Through a close analysis of the three texts Cosi, The film Ground hog day And the poem the road not taken by robert frost that convey the ideas that an inner journey forms as a response to life’s changes and particularly the climatic moments which force a spiritual, mental and emotional re-evaluation of values of priorities.

Process Of Becoming A Radiology Professor Education Essay

Introduction I am a professor of radiology and I work in a university learning infirmary. My work is learning radiology classs for undergraduate and graduate student pupils, and developing occupants in our radiology section. The purpose of our radiology section is to be certain that the pupils will derive sufficient sum of cognition and accomplishments to be able to pattern clinical diagnosing and understanding imaging which is an built-in portion of patient direction. I am graduated since 1989 and I work in learning Radiology course of study for more than ten old ages, it ‘s interesting to look back but I will non get down from the beginning as this was many old ages ago and I will discourse what I do during instruction and reflect it for farther development. In our section, the instruction design alteration between learning basic scientific discipline such as radiological anatomy, pathology, radiobiology and radiological natural philosophies and learning radiologic imagination of assorted systems and the function of imaging in clinical direction. So I use different instruction methods which are suited to the intended acquisition results of our radiology course of study. These methods include formal talk to stress on basic scientific discipline elements, little groups learning ( like: instance survey, seminar, tutorial, conference and job based acquisition ) which is the standard instruction signifier for learning radiology course of study i n which we use different radiological images as a acquisition focal point, and clinical instruction for developing our occupants how to achieve different accomplishments of radiological scrutiny. I will concentrate my composing on job based acquisition ( PBL ) as an illustration of little group learning and on clinical instruction of radiological accomplishments.Problem based acquisitionWe apply job based acquisition as a instruction method in some parts of graduate student foundation programme ; I have a deep construct that PBL is an of import manner for learning radiology course of study due to the presence of radiological subspecialties of system based manner which is relevant to job based scheme. Barrows and Tamblyn1 suggest that â€Å" Problem-based acquisition can be defined best as the acquisition that consequences from the procedure of working towards the apprehension or declaration of a job † . Albanese and Mitchell2 provide another position â€Å" PBL at its most cardinal degree is an instructional method characterized by the usage of patient ‘s jobs as a context for pupils to larn problem-solving accomplishments and get cognition about the basic and clinical scientific discipline † . There is no individual construct about the theoretical footing of practising job based learning.3 Savin-Baden4 suggests different dimensions of job based acquisition and place that the best distinction in which the cognition, acquisition and the pupil function are manifested and conceptualized in the course of study. Self direct acquisition is an active procedure and high efficient attack for go oning medical instruction as the acquisition is based on the pupils old cognition, the new cognition and understanding which can be blended through the personal and professional context of the person.5 Spencer and Jordan6 suggested that in PBL, new cognition and understanding comes from working on the job while in traditional larning the new cognition is indispensable for working on the job. I agree with those writers and I follow self directed theory, as PBL is pupil centered larning I direct the pupils for ego acquisition and actuate them to increase their self assurance, besides I consider the old experience a utile resource for constructing more information through reading, all these make the scholar able to be confronted with many undertakings. The constructivism position of acquisition is concerned on the significance of apprehension is built up through a procedure include the specific cognition foundations and cognitive operation.7 Mayes and Freitas8 suggested that constructivism acquisition is based on cognition which must be constructed through accomplishing understanding to let pupils associate new experience to bing cognition. The constructivism is the other theory which I follow in job based acquisition by stressing on activation, constructing on old experience and prosecuting the current apprehension and the new experience through active relevant job and group interaction. With many seeking about job based acquisition, I found another construct which is illustrated by Norman and Schmidt9 who show that job based acquisition has relevant countries including: activation on anterior cognition, larning in context, amplification of cognition and fosterage of competency by utilizing speculative manner of larning. Sing the old construct, I have to concentrate more on those relevant countries which are needed for job based acquisition and are closely related to constructivism. Implanting job based larning without a prepared program about the environment of the acquisition including the function of the instructor, pupil group organisation, scenario development, making the resources and measuring pupils public presentation will take to confusion between the instructors and pupils without accomplishing PBL goals.3 First, I will analyse the function of instructor in our section, in the first meeting I apply the job scenario to the pupils which include radiological images related to the PBL object, full clinical history and related medical, surgical and pathological information. I do my best to promote all pupils to inquire inquiries which explain subjects of the scenario and steer the pupils towards developing larning aims. After spliting the undertakings on the pupils, I direct the pupils for the needed resource and assist them for research, besides I take attention about the clip allowed to the pupil ‘s research to be sufficient for their ego directed larning about the undertakings divided on them. In the 2nd meeting, the pupils return back after roll uping the needed information, I do my attempt to keep all pupils showing their new information, synthesis account and use the new acquired information into the job. As I am believing about my old public presentation, I find that sometimes I face some pupils who have loose bad attitude which cause dysfunctional group behaviours, so I have to take attention about cues which denote the disturbed behaviour inbetween the pupils, give chance to keep regular interpersonal kineticss and command the challenge degree of the pupils. In discoursing the function of the instructor as a facilitator in the tutorial of November 11 2010 ( group 2 ) , there is a argument about who is the best facilitator, I understand from it a new construct as some institute use a biomedical scientist with rich scientific discipline base as a facilitator non the clinician as they believe that the clinicians are n't really good facilitators as they may exaggerate the instance and intend to develop what they think. But in our section the radiological physician is the lone facilitator for PBL Sessionss as he about understand the radiological course of study and expected to hold facilitation accomplishments in his forte. With more deep position, I think we need more staff development to avoid troubles which may confront some of the staff in pull offing PBL Sessionss, so we have to trip our ego survey by reading more books and article about PBL direction, and use new facilitator to achieve many PBL Sessionss with another experient facilitat or. Newman3 showed that the tutorial procedure have a certain frame to let the development and pattern of cognitive and metacognitive accomplishments. There are many theoretical accounts of job based larning tutorial procedure that give greater ground tackle to observe spreads in cognition and autonomous acquisition program to achieve needful knowledge.10 When I begin a PBL session with a new scenario, I direct the pupils to research the job and analyse it to place what they do n't cognize, find which undertaking they will make and be engaged in ego directed research for cognition. At the 2nd meeting the pupils presents their new information that they have learnt from research, synthesis it and reflect this information on the procedure of acquisition. Venon and Blake11 identified that different job based acquisition showed that the feedback is limited. The feedback is related to the method by which the acquisition aims are classified between the students.3 In the tutorial of November 11 2010 ( group 2 ) in which Fred Pender was discoursing PBL, he explains the importance of PBL feedback as certain institute use four electronic equal appraisal feedback per twelvemonth and he considered peer appraisal is one of the of import transferable accomplishments which the pupils will derive during PBL, in which each pupil is able to advert the difference of other pupils attitude by giving comments about his equals to measure them with respect to their professional attitude. Sing to the old construct, we do n't use peer appraisal as an appraising method due to our limited experience about this method, but now I think we need equal preparation in peer appraisal schemes and our pupils have to larn how to execute peer appraisal to develop their accomplishments of self-appraisal. Benson etal12 suggested that for the betterment of communicating accomplishments and the development of coaction, it is best to do larning group within five and 10 members. In peculiar for keeping all pupils sharing and leting deep acquisition, in the last PBL session I divide the pupils into two groups, in each one eight pupils are involved alternatively of 16 pupils per session. In some theoretical accounts, the construction of PBL includes sharing a different pupil to ease the session. Newman3 argued that, as this reinforces the message that the pupils take the duty of acquisition and the map as a facilitator. Benson etal12 showed that when the pupils take the function of facilitator in a supporting environment, this will assist them to pattern and develop facilitation accomplishments. Looking at this construct from Benson etal position, I make the first test by using one pupil to be a chair of the group, at the start of the session the pupil chair reads the scenario and seek to promote other pupils under my supervising. Although this is the first test, I think it may actuate the group and give them more duty, but, I ca n't measure the benefit of this alteration for farther development. The job based acquisition scenario is referred to the content presented to the pupils. Evans13 stated that scenario should be written harmonizing to the class larning aims, it allows pupils to incorporate old cognition to their current cognition, encourage pupils to research the subjects through searching. Some PBL scenarios which I use in learning focused on coevals and reading of medical images like images of conventional radiology, computed imaging and magnetic resonance imagination, while other scenarios begin with simple and unfastened reappraisal of patient history followed by using more information in a consecutive manner about the diagnostic processs with several radiological images are attached to the scenario, besides sometimes we apply PBL scenarios which connect radiology to metabolic procedure by utilizing functional imagination.But in malice of the applied attempts to arouse pupil involvement and challenge, I found myself confronting of import point as during PBL learni ng there is small clip to cover basic cognition related to medical images like discoursing radiation safety and radiological natural philosophies, as most of the scenario focal point on utilizing radiological images as resources for reading. So I suppose using more job based acquisition scenario which is relevant to this topic ( like, how to look into a pregnant adult female with acute thorax hurting, as this will trip the pupil to derive necessary cognition about the consequence of radiation on the foetus and understanding the natural philosophies of different mode to get the better of this job ) . Although we apply PBL as an effectual instruction method in some parts of graduate student foundation programme but there are many practical accomplishments which are n't suited for PBL ( like, how to execute a radiological guided biopsy ) . So we have to promote our pupils to larn different practical radiological accomplishments in concurrence with other learning methods.Clinical instruction of radiological accomplishmentsSecond, I will concentrate my composing on clinical preparation of the occupants in Radiology section, Radiology differs from other fortes as trainees are working in a close apprenticeship with their supervisors for deriving cognition and accomplishments in their workplace until they can execute many processs harmonizing to their degree of residence preparation. During the occupants developing they will larn many practical and communicating accomplishments related to Radiology field. There are many theories which explain clinical instruction and preparation. In self finding, there are two primary sorts of motive: controlled motive which is brought by external force per unit area and independent motive in which the scholar has internal beliefs and interest.14 Harmonizing to self finding, our occupants spend most of their professional life-time in a specific radiological environment which is adapted to their demands as they will be motivated and interested when they become more adept in observing instances of losing diagnosing. With more deep position, I find that some of occupants with higher degree of residence preparation lose some of their motive once they move into independent pattern, so I have to take attention about keeping their internal motive by promoting their of import function in real-life pattern and actuating their feeling about the chance of doing a difference in the patient life. Kolb15 explained that larning occur in four phase rhythm and immediate experience is the base for observation and contemplation, besides he stated that for effectual larning the scholar needs four different sorts of abilities â€Å" concrete experience, brooding observation, abstract conceptualisation and active experimentation † . I follow experiential theory of kolb during occupants ‘ preparation as I involved the occupant for taking new experience ( like, go toing a session of chest x-ray reading ) , after that I guide him to detect and reflect these new experience from many positions by inquiring and believing about this new experience ( like, what this determination means, what the relation between it and other findings and if it is related to old instance findings ) , so the occupant Begin to make a construct that incorporate his observation and assisting him for naming chest X ray, after that he will be able to utilize this new applications for following thorax x- ray reading. Kolb15 suggested that experiential acquisition can get down at any of the four phases while the scholar rhythms continuously through these four phases. Following this construct, I will actuate the occupants to look in the literature and read new information ( like, reading about chest x-ray reading ) and discourse it with their colleges, to get down larning from the 3rd measure by understanding the general rules and so they will finish the rhythm. The Honey and Mumford larning manner stock list is based on Kolb ‘s learning rhythm and they identify four chief acquisition manners which are activist, reflector, theoretician and pragmatist.16 I believe that no 1 has individual preferable manner of acquisition, with following Kolb ‘s learning rhythm I found that when the occupant take a new experience he is in activist manner as he learn by engagement in an activity, but when he pass to the brooding phase he learn by reflecting and detecting on his experience, while when he get down the abstract conceptualisation phase he learn through theoretician manner by developing account of the implicit in grounds and constructs, and when he pass to the active experimentation phase he learn straight from his experience through pragmatist manner. With deep thought, I normally begin the acquisition rhythm by exposing the militant manner, but I have to direct the occupant to get down his larning at any measure of the learning rhythm as this will expose different acquisition manners which will suit him. Community of pattern emphasize on the importance of incorporating certain single in a professional community and the function of community in reinforcing and rectifying single practice.17 I follow community of pattern during my clinical instruction, as the occupant starts as an perceiver and bit by bit he becomes a participant in group activity, this occur when the occupant joins our radiology section and begins his preparation we allow him to take parts of work activity and by this manner he will get cognition and accomplishments and he will travel from legitimate peripheral participant into nucleus participant. But sometimes I find some occupants lose their involvement emmet attempt to get away from group engagement so I have to follow these occupants and apply uninterrupted encouragement to them to increase their enthusiasm and better their engagement. Ramani and Leinster16 stated that clinical instruction must present cognition and acquisition of accomplishments to the scholar and they emphasis the phases in which the scholar base on balls from unskilled to skilled which Begin by consciousness, acquisition so development and terminal by amplification. I follow the old stairss during developing the occupants, for illustration, when I teach the occupant how to make Ba survey, at first I aware the occupants about the importance of these scrutiny through active treatment as this help them in observing their spreads in cognition, so I begin to present the new information either in the tutorial, during discoursing Ba images or during executing the Ba scrutiny. Gradually the new cognition will develop and the occupants will execute the process. I normally follow my occupants during executing the process to be certain that they will come on good and for uninterrupted betterment. With respects to my public presentation, I think that my of import function is how reassign the occupant from witting incompetent phase to witting competent phase, I normally allow the occupant to inquire any inquiry and I help him for ego survey, mentoring him and follow his advancement until he can make the accomplishment, and bit by bit with more pattern and follow up the occupant will reassign into unconscious competent phase as he can execute the accomplishment without witting. But I find that some older occupants fall into unconscious unqualified phase, so I have to take attention about the occupants ‘ public presentation in all survey old ages by forcing them to continuous ego survey for more mature pattern. Understanding the psychomotor learning rules is necessary for learning clinical accomplishments, these rules are based on Taxonomy of the psychomotor sphere which are conceptualisation, visual image, verbalisation, pattern, rectification, skill command and accomplishment autonomy.18 I was believing that I follow the old rules during clinical preparation of the occupant, as at the beginning of the preparation, I perform the scrutiny in forepart of the occupant while explicating what I do and let him to inquire inquiries, after that I perform the accomplishments several times while the resident provide account about what I do and I provide rectification for any misinterpretation until I become satisfied that the resident full understand the accomplishment, so I allow the occupant to execute the scrutiny under my supervising while he describe each measure before it is taken. But when I look about my old public presentation, I find that I miss an of import phase as I do n't show the prac tical accomplishment without account and I run through this phase rapidly in malice of its importance. So I have to take attention of this measure and get down my clinical instruction by executing the process with no remark to let the occupant observe the stairss of the process which is of import for ocular scholar. Besides for suiting different acquisition manners I have to increase the resident-patient interaction as patient-centered instruction maintain the attack for visual- audile – kinaesthetic learning manner of the scholar through detecting the patient, analyzing him and transporting out radiological processs. Barrows19 defined fake patients as a â€Å" normal individual who has been carefully coached to accurately portray a specific patient when given the history and physical scrutiny † . I gain a important information about fake patient from the tutorial of October 28 2010 ( group 5a ) in which some colleges emphasize on utilizing fake patients in their infirmary after taking a specific session for developing under academic staff supervising to larn them how simulate different medical status. We do n't use utilizing fake patients during clinical instruction, but I think we have to be after to use fake patients in learning non invasive process like how to execute ultrasound scrutiny as this may ease the occupant to derive experience from normal ultrasound scrutiny before they proceed to the existent patients. There are great grounds for positive consequence of communicating accomplishments preparation, this decision is based on big figure of surveies which show that a different group of medical pupils improved their ability of questioning efficaciousness and deriving information from the patients.20 I have a construct that the relation between the radiotherapist and the patient who will undergo radiological imagination scrutiny is different from that of other clinical specializer, so for radiotherapist, larning communicating accomplishments is necessary to observe patient ‘s complain and taking attention of patient when they come for imaging. Besides I think that there is no argument about the effectivity of communicating accomplishments but existent job is how to reassign such accomplishments to the occupant through day-to-day pattern. Aspegren20 concluded that experiential methods of larning are more effectual than instructional methods. In the imagination room I become in direct contact with the patient, this relation may happen one clip or may be intermittent over long clip. I set up this relation by inquiring the patient why he is showing to the survey, discourse the process before executing it, keeping scrutiny distractions and eventually I discuss the consequences of the scrutiny to the patient. I take attention about every measure I do as the occupant will larn from my behaviour the high points of radiologist patient interaction in the radiology imaging room during these meetings. There are seven indispensable communicating accomplishments which are: â€Å" constructing the doctor-patient relationship, open the treatment, gather information, understanding the patient ‘s position, portion information, reach an understanding on job and program and supply closing † .21 As it is clear that equal patient-centered relation between the physician and patient will heighten the quality of the patient attention I normally try to keep a clear patient-centered environment. First, I respect the patient confidentiality and I avoid taking the patient history, discoursing the scrutiny or doing the process in a busy room as the scrutiny room must be safe and comfort. When I see the patient at the first clip I greet him by his name and warm smiling, I spend few proceedingss in looking to the patient with close eyes contact and stress to him that the consequences of scrutiny are wholly confidential. I ne'er rush the patient into the scrutiny and I take my clip in acq uiring the patient history, discoursing the stairss of the scrutiny and replying any obscure inquiry for him. Beck etal22 execute a systematic reappraisal of surveies of GP-patients interactions to mensurate specific behaviours faithfully and supply grounds of their influence on patients results, they found 14 surveies of verbal and eight surveies of non-verbal communicating which had an consequence on patient results. I agree with the writers about the importance of verbal phrases and organic structure linguistic communications, as I normally use verbs which evoke empathy, support, reassurance, account and sometimes wit and courtesy, but I change my verbal linguistic communication when my patient is a kid as the words which I use with kids must related to cognitive degree of the kid. I remember a old bad communicating, in which I was executing endovenous urography scrutiny to a immature kid, while I asked the kid to make full his vesica like a balloon he become so hard-pressed as he believe his vesica will detonate. After this clip, I make a frame of mentions which are easy understood by th e kid. Many observations show that there is no individual communicating accomplishment but different facet of patient and physician interaction demand to be learnt.20 Many radiological processs distress the patients like executing radiologic guided interventional processs, with this patient I direct him during explicating the scrutiny and depict the feeling and esthesis of what he might experience, this is what I think it may better the patient hurt along the processs, but I need more betterment in my communicating attack as I do n't take uninterrupted patient feedback or peer group feedback to measure my public presentation with the patients. So I have to turn out my communicating accomplishments by thoughtful contemplation from revising patient and peer feedback, and taking more classs in communicating accomplishments. Miller 23 suggested a celebrated pyramid for appraisal of scholar ‘s clinical competency, this pyramid is formed of four degree, at the lowest degree of the pyramid is knowledge ( knows ) , followed by competency degree ( knows how ) , so public presentation degree ( shows how ) and terminal by action ( does ) . In my construct, the ambitious function of the clinical instructor is how to measure the pupil public presentation at the highest degree of the pyramid in the workplace, in which the patient attention take the precedence and clinical instructor has to detect the occupants interaction with the patient. I normally observe the resident clinical accomplishment ‘s public presentation at the imagination room when he fix the patient for scrutiny, do the process under my supervising or make it independently, besides I take attention about the resident behaviour during patient interaction. After that I give my occupant a frequent feedback about his public presentation, whi ch is non judgmental, descriptive non give voicing feedback ( like ; when the patient was stating you about the site of her abdominal hurting, you are concentrated on ultrasound screen and you do n't look at her ) , besides I try to depict his behaviour which can be changed in little measures and promote any helpful cues he do. I try to be supportive to my occupant by avoiding unfavorable judgment signifier of the feedback which makes the occupant blamed or rejected. Sing my public presentation, I ever do my best for detecting and follow up the occupants and give them feedback about their public presentation, but in some occasions I hesitate in giving negative feedback to some occupants who view negative feedback as a personal onslaught and reject it. So I think that we must set up more positive acquisition environment in which errors are acknowledged and feedback is accepted, besides I have to assist the occupants to understand the benefits of effectual feedback as when they take insight about what they do either well or hapless, they know where they are in comparing to where they must to be and what they must make.

Rock And Roll Influence Of African American Culture

â€Å"Rock music is important to people, because it allows them to escape this crazy world. It allows them not to run away from the problems that are there, but to face up to them, but at the same time sort of DANCE ALL OVER THEM. That s what rock and roll is about† (Pete Townshend). The concept of rock and roll music had eased into the music industry in a time after a crippling war and a great depression. The mid to late 20th century was home to innovation, rebellious teens, and a devastating war..The introduction of rock music has influenced our country and molded it in many ways as the genre progressed and has found a place in our culture. The thing that really started rock and roll was the influence of African American culture in gospel and blues. The genres had spun from the sad hearts of those oppressed because of their race and the wars that had come and gone. The event named â€Å"The Great Migration† brought large sums of African Americans to the North from the grooving South. With the movement came spans of different music and tastes accustomed to their home. The slow, chill vibes of gospel and the blues drew many people of different ethnicities and statuses to its attractive humm. But sadly, because of segregation and racism, songs didn’t get much time on the radio. However, a DJ out of Cleveland named Alan Freed began a Rhythm Blues show on his radio station. This grew the genre and eventually Freed came up with the term â€Å"Rock and Roll† . Soon enough, everyone had aShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans Influence On Music1229 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s day and age, it’ s easy to hear black culture represented in most hip-hop; that is the dominating music genre that expresses African American views. It’s not so easy to remember where African Americans influence on music al began. 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He went against the social normality of segregated music, and produced music that he felt should be made. Even when faced with career ending criticism, Phillips continued on making history. Not only is Sam Phillips responsible for the being the origin of the seemingly everlasting Rock and Roll movement, he segregated music amidst all kinds of culturalRead MoreEssay on Elvis Presley and African American Music1667 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluential rock n’ roll performers of the century. If you say â€Å"The King of Rock† everyone will automatically know you are talking about Elvis Presley. Through his music, Elvis paved the road for African Ameri cans to the music world, and he had essentially revolutionized American society and culture. He went against racism and began a whole new revolution for the music industry. In the United States between the 1950s and 1960’s, segregation was present between black and white people. African AmericansRead MoreEvolution Of Jazz And Blues. The Music Styles Of Jazz And1364 Words   |  6 Pagesstyles of Jazz and Blues are both considered to be great American musical art forms (Covach, 2015). These styles are also two very important â€Å"roots† of music and have evolved from the late 19th century and early 20th century to lead to the development of Rock and Roll. Jazz and Blues both originated from African-American communities when slaves were brought over to North America from Africa (Schuller, 1986). As time passed and the culture of America was constantly changing, so was the music of thatRead MoreThe Impact Of Rock And Roll On Society1717 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the entire history of Rock and Roll, it is very apparent just how great of an impact social and cultural change has made on the development of the genre. Society is such a po werful entity and its influences on art are very often overlooked. If one person has the ability to independently influence and conduct change, imagine the available influence that is made possible with society as a whole during notable periods of development and change throughout the history of America. As discussed

The Importance Of Greek Mythology - 1605 Words

A lot of popular everyday items that we use in our life sometimes, are inspired by Greek mythology. Sports brands, movies and T.V shows, the most complicated technology, books and many more, are all examples of Greek Mythology. If you take modern day items that we use and compare it to Greek mythology, believe it or not there is a big connection. But how come people today are inspired by Greek mythology? Also, why is Greek mythology important to us if they were just myths? It was such a while ago, so why do people still reflect off of it? Literature Review- Summary #1 In â€Å"The Greek Gods† from The Romans Anne Millard and Susan Peach describes that the Greeks had monthly festivals for the Greek gods. Their goal was to persuade the gods†¦show more content†¦Summary #4 In â€Å"Why Ancient Greek mythology is Still Relevant Today† from owlcation.com Geri Mileff describes Ancient Greeks religion. The Greeks did back then, we also do today. Hercules by Disney was inspired by the Greek’s legends. However, this is not the only thing that we are inspired by. Just reading these myths or just studying them that people have more control over things. This is because the myths were designed to teach lessons for the Greeks. After every story, there seems to be a solutions to the conflict. Summary #5 In â€Å"Greek Mythology in Popular Culture† wikipedia.org describes the everyday items we use or see on T.V were inspired by Greek mythology. From movies to space technology, these things were named from Greek Myths. Like the T.V show/movie Hercules that was made in 1997 makes it clear that we got the idea off of Greek mythology. And also in marketing. Many corporations has used Greek mythology in their wine logos to represent the god of wine, Dionysus. History Focus- As you can see, there were many parts where the sources explained about Greek mythology and the myths about them. All of my sources agreed that Greek mythology has an enormous impact on us today. Like Summary #1 and Summary #3 both agree that the Greeks would try their hardest to please the gods with delightful things. Also, Summary #5 and Summary #4 both agree that Greek mythology have aShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Greek Mythology1650 Words   |  7 PagesThe importance of Greek mythology Today, the ancient Greek myths still fascinate readers throughout the world. There are thousands of books written about the importance of Greek mythology in the formation of modern-time societies. There are hundreds of movies created about the adventures of Greek heroes. Apparently, the events, creatures, and people described in the ancient Greek myths were not real; however, their mythical nature does not undermine the importance of Greek mythology in definingRead MoreComparing Roman And Greek Mythology1354 Words   |  6 Pages Roman Vs. Greek Mythology Roman and Greek mythology are full of complexities. 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The Controversial Issue of Doctor-Assisted Suicide

The Controversial Issue of Doctor-Assisted Suicide Imagine youu have just found out you are going to die within three months. Recently the questions have been changed form, What am I going to do with the rest of my life? to When should I kill myself? With painful and crippling diseases such as AIDS and cancer, and Alzheimers along with doctors such as Dr. Kavorkian, some people are choosing death over life. Doctor assisted suicide has been a very controversial subject in the past few years. Some states such as Oregon have passed laws which allow doctors to prescribe lethal drugs to patients who have less then six months to live.(Henin 1) Other state have taken the opposite side. I believe that if you are able to reason and†¦show more content†¦Wilkie Kushner, who write,s We all di. Death is a part of life. Death is inevitable. Why should each of us not have the right to choose when and how we did; and if we are in no position to do so, why shoulld those who know us best not be allowed to help? Why is it considered acceptable for sospital staff to indefinitely postpone death with machines and tubes and potent toxic pharmaceuticals, and not to help people go easily when their time has come? Wher is the humanity in all this? (Kushner 3) BIBLIOGRAPHY Haney, Joshua, RE: Assisted Suicide, www.yahoo.com 4/16/96 A. Wilkie Kushner, MB-Reprinted from Letters to the Editor, Gobe Mail www.yahoo.com Hendin, Herbert, MD, Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia: Oregon Tries the Dutch Way, Wellness Web, The Patients Network,Show MoreRelated Euthanasia Essay - The Controversial Issue of Doctor-Assisted Suicide805 Words   |  4 PagesThe Controversial Issue of Doctor-Assisted Suicide      Ã‚   Imagine youu have just found out you are going to die within three months. Recently the questions have been changed form, What am I going to do with the rest of my life? to When should I kill myself?   With painful and crippling diseases such as AIDS and cancer, and Alzheimers along with doctors such as Dr. Kavorkian, some people are choosing death over life.   Doctor assisted suicide has been a very controversialRead MoreThe Legal Definition Of Assisted Suicide987 Words   |  4 PagesPhysician Assisted Suicide Physician assisted suicide is one of the most controversial topics in the medical world today. Many individuals feel as if it is wrong to ask your physician to end your life regardless of your condition. Patients that are terminally ill and that want to end their life with dignity and on their terms often seek assistance in ending their life. They may have many reasons for wanting to end their life instead of holding on such as they do not want to become a burden to theirRead MoreThe Centers For Disease Control And Prevention Released1181 Words   |  5 PagesPrevention released a suicide report in 2015 stating that in The United States, suicide is the 10th leading cause of deaths. As many as 44,193 individuals have died per year, which means there is about 123 suicide deaths a day happening as of now in The United States (â€Å"Suicide Statistics†). This is only the statistics of deaths that have been successful in The United States, it is not counting all suicide deaths ar ound the world nor suicide attempts. This alone is already a major issue everywhere in theRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic of physician-assisted suicide has become very controversial because of the ethical questions. The physical state of health of the patient, the patient’s personal life, and even the financial pressure of the patient are all factors to consider when contemplating whether or not to legalize this controversial cause of death. Physician-assisted suicide regarding medical ethics states that a physician cannot legally give any patient a lethal injection to end their life, but they can take theRead MoreShould Die And Die?1214 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscomfort. A doctor once went to jail for life with the charge of murder in the first degree because he helped a patient kill himself. The issue of The Right to Die is so controversial because due to people s different opinions about whether or not someone can kill themselves almost 10,000 people wanting to kill themselves each year but only around 3,800 carried out (Wolf). Legalizing assisted suicide was introduced when a patient wanted to kill himself but Legalizing assisted suicide would have drasticRead MoreEssay On Physician Assisted Suicide1549 Words   |  7 PagesWriting Project Worksheet 1. This paper will examine the Washington state policy of physician-assisted suicide. 2. State Info: (characteristics, size, culture, political culture, industries, features, etc. to explain state support of policy) Washington is a state in the northwestern United States with an estimated population of 7,288,000, as of July 1, 2016. Washington’s population is primarily white at 69% (not including Hispanics), with Hispanics comprising 12.4%, Asians 8.6%, and African AmericansRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide1418 Words   |  6 Pagesaway. The doctors can put the patient in an induced coma, but what kind of living is that? It is not living. The patient does not want to go on. Is it so wrong to ask for a way out? With less than six months to live, the patient’s hope is gone. Many argue that euthanasia is not ethical, but is it really ethical to let someone live in constant, horrifying pain and agony? While in some cases having the right to die might result in patients giving up on life, physician-assisted suicide should beRead MoreAssisted Suicide : A Controversial Issue880 Words   |  4 PagesAssisted suicide is a very controversial subject in the healthcare world and lik e most things there are a lot of areas that are not written in black and white. Though assisted suicide is only legal in five states it is still practiced all across the United States. In most cases, little to no information is provided to the families and the terminally ill patients on what assisted suicide truly is and what it not. It all has to do with the intent, but most conversations are reduced to a wink or nodRead MoreEssay on Assisted Suicide932 Words   |  4 Pages The purpose of this research paper is to examine the many different angles of a controversial topic such as physician assisted suicide or euthanasia. Physician assisted suicide (PAS) is when a person kills him or herself and the doctor supplies the means knowing what the intention is. The doctor prescribes a medication to their patient in lethal doses. This allows the patient to choose when they want to die. They can take the pills at home with friends and family present if they wish or they couldRead MoreDoct or Assisted Suicide By Using Peer Reviewed Articles1639 Words   |  7 PagesDoctor assisted suicide has been a controversial topic for decades. It is placing value on life and death. This paper examines doctor assisted suicide by using peer reviewed articles that address many of the social and political issues surrounding doctor assisted suicide, including key factors such as the roles that technology and family play in a patient s decision to use assisted suicide. Brody (1995) gives an in depth view of how doctor assisted suicide works. Emanuel (1997) takes a closer

The Effects of Tv Adverts on Children free essay sample

www. ccsenet. org/ijbm International Journal of Business and Management Vol. 6, No. 1; January 2011 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education 283 Does the Food Advertisement on Television Have the Impact on Children’s Food Purchasing Behavior? A Study Based on Pakistan Food Advertisement Muhammad Haroon (Corresponding author) Faculty of Management Sciences, National University of Modern Languages Sector H-9, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: 92-333-529-9517 E-mail: [emailprotected] com Dr. Tahir Masood Qureshi Associate Professor, Faculty of Management Studies University of Central Punjab Lahore, Pakistan Tel: 92-345-509-0550 E-mail: [emailprotected] com Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman Faculty of Management Sciences, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: 92-300-536-5378 E-mail: [emailprotected] com Mansoor Nisar PhD Scholar, Faculty of Management Sciences Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: 92-300-530-3077 E-mail: [emailprotected] com Abstract The purpose of conducting this study was to examine television advertisements and children’s food using pattern when they were watching television and their desire to purchase goods that they saw advertisements on television. This study was conducted in two parts. In the first part, content analysis of the television advertisements was conducted. In second part of the study, a questionnaire was given to 200 parents. Total of 75 of these parent’s children were attending 1st, 2nd and 3rd grades of the primary schools and 125 of the children were attending the pre-schools. The results showed that children were bombarded with so many advertisements and their behavior was more influenced by the television food advertisements. It was also affecting their food choices and health. Keywords: Advertising, Childhood obesity, Television viewing, Food preferences, Food consumption 1. Introduction Advertisement plays the major role in informing about the products and services to the target market. It is the paid form of communication to influence the behaivor of the people with effecitive and efficient manner. With the passage of time trends are getting change, many parts of the country have dozens of broadcast and cable channels and hundreds more may be on the way. Advertising’s view of its audience is undergoing significant changes as well. While researchers and practitioners continue to argue the merits of globalized marketing in general and globalized advertising in particular, an intriguing phenomenon has emerged (Akta_ Arnas, Y. 2006). Children are becoming more focus target market for many advertisers, and they are putting their extreme efforts to capture this valuable target market. Most of the advertisers are advertising those foods products which have above the standard level fats, more calories and salt such as confectionery, soft drinks, crisps and savory snacks, fast food (Ofcom,2004) and pre-sugared breakfast cereals are included in the daily lives of the children. This www. ccsenet. org/ijbm International Journal of Business and Management Vol. 6, No. 1; January 2011 284 ISSN 1833-3850 E-ISSN 1833-8119 eating pattern is leading children towards heart disease, diabetes, hypertension and obesity in later stage of the life. Obesity and overweight problems are becoming more common in children because of the eating pattern of the children. Watching the television is a sluggish activity that pushes to reduce the metabolic rates and also make the habits not to do the physical exercise and all this closely related to taking frequently snacks, easy to available fast foods. According to the office of communication (2004), there is almost the unified agreement among the people related to preference of foods and its consumption patterns are based on multiple factors. Some of important factors shown to be involved where children are concerned are: a. Psychosocial determinants (e. g. food choices) b. More knowledge about the food items c. Hunger and gender factors influences d. Influence of time and convenience factors e. Family demographical factors f. Social network influences g. Schools cafeteria h. Food streets i. Huge promotion on media, specially electronic media such as television 2. Objectives The promotion of food items through advertisement on television has the great impact on eating habits and health of children in Pakistan. This respective study intended to check advertisements on television and food consumption of children when they are watching television and their wish to buy those food items they watch on television advertisements. 3. Importance of the study in Pakistan’s scenario Many advertisers are targeting children in Pakistan, because children have great influence on their parents to spend on them. The parents on their children eating habits spend the reasonable amount of money. Generally, most of the parents and other member of the society may have the opinion that advertising have some negative, deliberate or inadvertent, influence on children (Goldberg, 1990; Goldberg Gom, 1978; Grossbart Crosby, 1984; Burr Burr, 1977). Apart from the influence on parents, children also take some purchasing decisions during the school time. Therefore, the main and the most important purpose to conduct this study in this scenario is to make aware the parents about the eating habits and preferences of their children. They will come to know how their children are taking fats, salts and other unhealthy diet which disturbs their diet schedules. This research will be an eye opener for those parents who were unaware of this fact that their children may suffer from many dangerous diseases, and will also come to know that what the main factor is contributing to all these problems. They will also get conscious about the unnecessary food advertisements which may cause their children to move towards unhealthy diet and purchasing request. As most of the children use to eat more while watching television so when mothers will come to know about it they will definitely find out alternatives which may defend their children especially from obesity. 4. Literature review There has been very old public concern over the harmful effects of food promotion on children. High levels of concern currently centre on the evidence of rising obesity among children, in common with many other countries in the developed world (World Health Organization, 2000). Previous food-related concerns have included nutrition, dental health, dieting and anorexia, and so forth. The royal college of physicians has reported that the obesity among the children is increasing (Kopelman, 2004 Ambler, 2004). All agrees that the food industry is one of the major player in the field of advertising (Hastings et al 2003, Young, Paliwoda Crawford, 2003). Studies show that food advertising on television is dominated by breakfast cereals, confectionary, savory snacks and soft drinks, with fast food restaurants taking up an increasing proportion of advertising on television. A major review of the field, recently conducted by Hastings et al (2003) for the food standards agency, has focused academic, policy and public attention on the role that food promotion, particularly television advertising, plays in influencing children’s food choices, defined in terms of food knowledge, preferences and behavior. Both research methods and findings addressed in this and other reviews are much contested (Paliwoda Crawford, 2004; Young, 2003; Ambler, 2004; and Livingstone, 2004) some reviews cover a wide terrain, examining the www. csenet. org/ijbm International Journal of Business and Management Vol. 6, No. 1; January 2011 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education 285 range of factors which may influence children’s diet. Others are focusing on the direct effects of advertising on food choice. Unfortunately, much of the literature on diet and obesity pays little attention to media related factors such as exposure to television in general or ad vertising in particular. Also unfortunately, much of the literature on the effects of advertising pays little attention to the contextual factors which may mediate or provide alternative explanations for the observed relationship between media use and children’s diet and/or weight. Reviewing the field is complex in part because the research available spans a range of academic disciplines, countries and contexts and also because empirical studies use different measures, control for different factors or omit valuable information. In reviewing the published literature, it is worth identifying not only what can be concluded but also what remains unclear as well as questions for future investigation. Importantly, the balance of evidence (experimental, correlation and observational) in the published literature shows that television advertising has a modest, direct effect on children’s food choices. Although there remains much scope for debate, this conclusion is widely accepted across diverse positions and stakeholders (Livingstone, 2004). Food promotion is having an effect, particularly on children’s preferences, purchase behavior and consumption. This effect is independent of other factors and operates at both a brand and category level’ (Hastings et al, 2003). Lewis and Hill (1998) conducted a content analysis showing that food is the most advertised product category on children’s television, and that confectionary, cereals and savory snacks are the most advertised. Hence, 60% of food adverts to children are for convenience foods, 6% for fast food outlets, and the remainder for cereals and confectionery. Lewis and Hill (1998) in this study they found that overweight children are less satisfied with their appearance and have a greater preference for thinness; feeling fat was directly related to weight. In general, children feel better, less worried and more liked after seeing adverts. They also found an interaction effect: after seeing a food advertisement, overweight children feel healthier and show a decreased desire to eat sweets, while normal weight children feel less healthy and more like eating sweets than before seeing the ad. The opposite pattern was observed after viewing non-food ads. Hastings et al (2003), ‘the foods we should eat least are the most advertised, while the foods we should eat most are the least advertised’. A recent survey of UK parents conducted for the national family and parenting institute (2004) shows that parents feel their children are ‘bombarded’ by advertising to ever younger children and across an ever-greater range of media Platforms. They claim to be anxious, irritated and pressurized, not least because of the considerable domestic conflicts they claim that consumer demands from children result in within the family. Young (2003) in his study he concluded that children understand advertising from eight to nine years old and that they play an active role in families’ food buying. Dietary preferences of children are said to be established by about five years old, before advertising is understood. The author further argues that a multiplicity of factors, of which advertising/television viewing is only one, influence eating patterns. Stratton Bromley (1999) in their study they determined through a series of interviews that the dominant preoccupation of parents is to get their children to eat enough. Parents try to adjust the food to the preferences of family members so that children can eat. There was a notable lack of reference to nutrition and health when talking about food choices for children in the British families interviewed. There have been many investigations determinant of children’s diets, while schools and peers are also influential in determining preferences and habits. A study in New Zealand, Hill, Casswell, Maskill, Jones Wyllie (1998) showed that although teenagers had good knowledge of what was healthy and what not, what they ate was determined by how desirable foods were. Gracey et al (1996) in their study â€Å"Nutritional knowledge, beliefs and behaviours in teenage school students† described that one of the critical and important factor of enhancing and balancing eating habits is to increase the awareness amongst the children to control their diet; â€Å"this needs to be accompanied by provision of nutrition education, and parents and schools need to be involved in making healthy foods more available†. This is really significance to develop the strong eating habits at the earlier stage of the life; if this pattern of eating habits would be continued in mature life and hard to change at a later stage of the life (Hill, Casswell, Maskill, Jones Wyllie, 1998; Kelder, Perry Klepp, 1994; Sweeting et al, 1994). Numerous studies pointed out the fact that those who eat with the family have healthier dietary habits. Family meals become less frequent as children get older and the frequency of those meals differ for different ethnic groups and socio-economical status (Neumark Sztainer, Hannan, Story, Croll Perry, 2003). The influence of family eating patterns on dietary intake stays strong even after controlling for other variables such as television viewing and physical activity. Eating away from home also increases the consumption of soft drinks which is related to problems with www. ccsenet. org/ijbm International Journal of Business and Management Vol. 6, No. 1; January 2011 286 ISSN 1833-3850 E-ISSN 1833-8119 weight (French, Lin et al, 2003). The purpose of this study is to examine television advertisements and children’s food using pattern when they are watching television and their desire to purchase goods that they see advertisements on television in Pakistan. 5. Method 5. 1 Sampling Data collection This study is conducted in two parts. In first part, content analysis of the television advertisement, which during the child programs on Saturday and Sunday were examined. For this purpose the television programs and the advertisements broadcast between 03:00 hours and 7:30 hours for three weeks were taken. The second part of the study focused on children’s behaviors while watching television advertisement and their purchasing request during shopping, in children aged 3-8years old. In second part of the study, questionnaires are given to 200 parents. A total of 75 of these parents’ children were attending 1st, 2nd and 3rd grades of the primary schools and 125 of the children were attending the pre-schools. 5. 2 Sample characteristics The demographic characteristics are as follows: 55% were boys out of the total and 45% were girls. In total 63% of the parents were high school and university graduates. 5% of the fathers come under 28years and above. 95% of mothers were between 24-40 years. Table 1 shows that 17. 6% of the children pay attention to the advertisements; it was also found that children in the age group of 4-5 years showed attentive behavior more than the children in the other age groups. In contrast, 6. 9% of the children are determined to do whatever they were doing and not taking any notice of the advertisements. It was found that 32. 85% of the children asked their parents to buy the products presented in the advertisements while watching them in this behavior was highly observed in the 4-5 year old children. Table 2 is indicating that children time is starting from 3. 00hours to 7. 00hours on different channels. It is observed at weekends for three weeks at Saturdays and Sundays. Between these hours, the total mean time of children’s program on three channels were 104 mins. Table 3 shows total mean amount of broadcast advertisements on the three channels were 29. Out of which about 21 advertisements were of food related. According to the table 3, 73. 18 % of the advertisements broadcast are food related, 9. 49% are telecom related and 5. 02 are detergents related advertisements. It is very clear that food advertisements are more than others. According to table 4, greater percentage is of snacks advertisements in total which is 35. 11%, then chips 28. 24%, ice cream 15. 26%. But there no fruits advertisements which are in real sense having nutrients and energy. 6. Discussion Limitation of the study After analysis of results now there is need to develop the time plan of watching television for children by their parents. In school teachers can also play the significant role for guiding the television advertising watching . Children must be guided the both aspects of watching television advertisements, not leaving them on whatever is going on advertisement. First this research only focused the children purchasing behavior based on television advertisements . It can also extended by taking other media as well. Second this can also be apply on some adults both male and female. Third, other daily using items advertisement can also consider for research. 7. Conclusion In content analysis we came to the point that television food advertisements are playing greater role in such regard. Children are bombarded with so many advertisements. It is also affecting their food choices and health. In addition to this , when the behaviors of the children are examined, it can be observed that children consume food which are rich in fat and sugar while watching television and have problems with their parents about buying the products they have seen on the advertisements. This shows that children in the younger age groups are affected more from the advertisements broadcast on the television and reflect these more in their consuming behavior. 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Childrens behaviors towards advertised products while watching advertisements Behaviors observed during Frequency of observed behaviors watching advertisements Total Age n % 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pay attention 61 17. 6 8 14 32 3 3 Watches for a few minutes 116 20. 2 14 23 39 1 8 11 11 Looks from time to time 70 33. 4 7 15 24 6 9 9 Does not care 24 6. 9 2 1 6 4 6 5 Makes comments about the product 102 29. 4 9 23 47 8 7 8 Wants the products 114 32. 85 8 28 58 9 7 4 Table 2. Values of the childrens programs and advertisements broadcast during the evening hours on weekends according to channels Jeo Saturday Sunday Indus Vision Saturday Sunday Cartoon Network Saturday Sunday Time of the childrens 6. 00-7. 30 6. 00-7. 30 3. 00-6. 00 3. 00-6. 00 5. 10-6. 00 6. 10-6. 45 program Total time of the 90mins 90mins 180mins 180mins 50mins 35mins childrens program Number of the 25 28 47 53 17 9 advertisements Total time of 11:05mins 12:08mins 11:58mins 13:42mins 8:08mins 3:75mins advertisements Number of food 17 21 38 41 10 4 advertisements www. ccsenet. org/ijbm International Journal of Business and Management Vol. , No. 1; January 2011 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education 289 Table 3. Types of products advertised on the television channels Types of products advertised n % Food 131 73. 18 Detergents 9 5. 02 Cleaning supplies 3 1. 67 Telecom 17 9. 49 Kitchen supplies 4 2. 23 Toothpaste 3 1. 67 Beauty products 5 2. 79 Diaper 3 1. 67 Banking 4 2. 23 To tal 179 100 Table 4. Types of food advertisements on the channels % Total n Total Types of food Snacks 46 35. 11 Ice cream 20 15. 26 Drinks 16 12. 21 Candy and chocolates 7 5. 34 Biscuits 5 3. 81 Chips 37 28. 24 Total 131 100