Kenneth Baranagh?s ?Henry V? :: essays research papers

Kenneth Baranaghs Henry VKenneth Branaghs Henry V was a confusing immobile paced movie modeled afterWilliam Shakespeares Henry V. Shakespeares writings enveloped ones senses captivating their attention urging them to read on. Branaghs interpreting dragged the viewer on to the next persuasion without having a complete understanding of what was occurring in the movie.The movie centered on the war between the English and the French. The French believed they would have no problem dominating over the English. King Henry (Kenneth Branagh), the leader of the English, is mocked and not taken seriously due to his past. Even more so the king now has something to prove. Hal Hinson hit it right on the nose when he said, Harry is straight-faced and devout and determined, a man with something to prove. The movie does show the power of barbarism as Henry encourages his troops leading them to victory at the Battle of Agincourt, which I enjoyed very much.Much of the spoken text was difficult to understand either because the actors were speaking to quickly, or because the music got in the sort. I agree with Robert Ebert when he described the same problem I encountered as, distractingly intrusive music, which only gets in the way of the words. The narrator did however help a little with the confusion. The characters in this movie were easily confused due to the fact that so many of them look alike. With so many characters in this play one would hope they would be easily distinguished. The exception to this being King Henry played by Kenneth Branagh.2Branagh did a wonderful job representing King Henry V. Many of Henrys monologues are expressed extremely well. The two best being the two about famous, the monologue that got his enemies to surrender as he painted such a horrific picture of war, and the monologue he spoke to his troops for inspiration on St. Crispians Day.I enjoyed the last scene of the movie where Henry is shown wooing the princess of France, Kate, and think it was a great ending. I believe it was a touching scene with a little humor added because of the language and culture barriers between the two.

short narrative essay (avalanche) -- essays research papers

Lost besides Not ForgottenIt was a mothy night in January, when he awoke covered in s instantaneously, his board broken and hanging from his left foot, the binding from his right still securely strapped to hit now numb, right foot It was now nearing Zero degrees Fahrenheit he thought, and non a soul was anywhere to be found. Zane Farrell had last seen another creature what he guessed was about six hours ago. As far as he k wise he was about thirty miles north of Bull Creek, at the local ski area- Bull Mountain. Unsure of his exact location, cold and growing weary he started his tedious climb up what he thought was the northern side of the peak, he was unsure how he got to where he was, but his best guess was that when he was the origin of a small avalanche. His last memory before his startling awakening in his would be snowy code was snowboarding. It had been just after lunch and he thought he would try some new terrain. He laced up his snowshoes, and proceeded to climb to the h ighest point of the mountain. He arrived at his first destination after about an hour of hiking. After a short while he figured he had looked over his new found haven enough, he was ready. He started wipe out the grade with a small arsenal, consisting of a shovel, about ten granola bars, two bottles of power-ade, his snowshoes, and what was left in his hydration vesica in his pack. After descending about two hundred feet he came into the clearing he was hoping to find, it was as smooth as silk, twenty inches of fresh powderize under his board. Up ahead he say a small but formidable drop off on the mountain, he knew if he was spillage to escape this with his dignity he was going to have to work some magic, to his success. The drop was approximately eighteen feet, but he was ready for it, he land perfectly, it was like a dream the poof of snow exploding out from his impact, and the gentle flakes hitting his face. As he continued down the slope he did not realize that his gentle la nding had severely weakened the physical structure of the mountains blanket, and that any moment he could bring the mass down upon himself at impossible speeds. Then it happened, he turned too sharply, caught his heel edge and fell onto his backside. He slowly got up and regained his balance, but it was too late. What he saw was like being attacked by the vengeful clouds of the gods. He turned down... ...of chili and three spaghetti-os. After he had finished eating he unflinching that he had better get some rest, he went to bed in the small cot he found in the corner. He slept well in the warmth of the cabin, but awoke to the sound of a gasoline engine. Startled he looked around and saw a wo worldly concern rekindling the fire. She saw him looking at her and told him he was ok, and that when he was ready her husband would take him back to town. She had already made coffee and some pancakes, and told him he was more than welcome to have some.After a while of talking he decided it w as time to go home, after apologizing for the broken door, and the food he ate the night before, she insisted that it was no problem and that they were really glad to have helped. She walked out the door to get her husband.After fumbling through his wallet, he pulled out a fifty and put it on the table, past walked out to find a snowmobile waiting for him.It was a long cold ride, but he was grateful, when they got to town he insisted that it was far enough and thanked the man with a handshake. Zane Farrell had never been happier to see that small mountain town.

Year without Oil :: essays papers

Year with disclose OilOPEC Oil Embargo There are several things that come to mind when presented with the picture and topic, scarcely the one that stands out most is shortage. However, shortage is an ironic word to use for it. It wasnt really a shortage in the fact that the humankind is out of oil, which being a non-renewable resource will be one day, but it was an incredible 130% increase in price by OPEC, Organization of crude Exporting Countries. This forced the petroleum market to head into a tailspin. OPEC, started by the major oil producing countries in the Middle East, was designed to give price tick off to the oil producers, instead of the oil manufacturers. Formed in 1960, OPEC was only a middleman for 10 years, but in the 1970s, they found the right time to jabbing up the price of gas. One viewpoint fire say it was about time that we started paying these countries for what they were up to that point, giving us, but from the other standpoint, OPEC is no much than a cartel and monopoly. A cartel is two or more parties, the oil producing countries, hurting an innocent third party, oil consumers. OPEC was created to hurt the oil manufacturers who were fetching advantage of the oil producers, but unfortunately the one that got hurt from the agreement are the oil selling stations and us, the consumer. There are several reasons wherefore it isnt the manufacturers didnt get affected by any of the price raises. First of all, no matter how high the price of crude oil goes, the world still has to keep buying oil products. In fact, the world is using more petroleum products now than it ever has before, and can only get it from a few manufacturers, which means a monopoly is feeding an oligopoly. Monopolies are when the economy relies on one source for all of a product, also called a trust. Monopolies are taboo in the United States by Anti-Trust Laws. Oligopolies are products, that the economy relies on, that are only available from a f ew sources. In a large market, the oil market, these companies can raise prices for consumers and receive massive increases in their profits. To really understand the hardships that happened in the 1970s, and not being around in that time, we can look at the detail we are experiencing today.

Agatha Christies By the Pricking of My Thumbs Essay -- essays researc

By the Pricking of My Thumbs by Agatha ChristieBy the Pricking of My Thumbs by Agatha Christie is a wonderful humbug with kidnappings, a series of murders, a painting with a story to tell, and two sly detectives. The book is set in 1940-1960 England. The plot winds, twists, and turns throughout the book. Numerous characters, around too many, are introduced every few pages and there is just too much information to take in. Agatha Christie tricks you into thinking that you know what is going on when you truly dont have a clue.This book starts out by introducing the two main characters who are old detectives named Tommy and Tuppence Beresford. Their Aunt passes away at a ladies home recently. The Aunt owns a picture of a house that is near a canal that comes very im...

Total Quality Management - TQM Essay -- SixSigma Essays

I.INTRODUCTIONBefore you can begin to understand what total quality management is, you moldiness know what quality is. Quality is the ability to satisfy, or even exceed, the needs and expectations of the customers. heart Quality Management is a management approach to long-term succeeder through customer satisfaction. The participation of all members of an organization in improving processes, products, services, and the culture they work in is the basis of TQM. Total Quality Management, often called TQM, is a mind set. It is excessively a set of well-proven processes for achieving the mind set. The mind set is that everyone in your organization understands what their customers expectations are and they meet those expectations every time. TQM, which has been available for many years, was before developed in the United States and the Japanese were the first to visualize its benefits and apply it successfully. This paper will discuss the history of Total Quality Management and also its creator Dr. William Edwards Deming. Also included is Dr. Demings 14 Points of Management, which apply anywhere from small organizations to large organizations including everything from the service industries to the manufacturing industries and everything in between. They apply to a division within a company. The final topic discussed will be how TQM is use in the organizations.II.HISTORYTotal Quality Management (TQM) is a participative management style that stresses total supply commitment to customer satisfaction. TQM is the part of management organized for the use of creating and implementing a continuous improvement process that constantly improves on the organizations effectiveness and also their efficiency. The briny responsibility lies on not the workers or employees of a corporation, but rather the management. There are many very effective ways that corporations have implemented these strategies of TQM, but more or less commonly, it is acquired through d ata collection, flow charts, and diagrams.The development of Total Quality Management is attributed to Frederick W. Taylor, an engineer and the first management consultant. Statisticians, such as Walter A. Shewhart, Joseph M. Juran, Philip B. Cosby and most importantly Dr. W. Edwards Deming (1900-1993), were responsible for initiating the Total Quality Management process and share a common role ... ...for success. There are three basis implementations of TQM including fancy of management, system of management (in which the Q-S.T.E.P. process is used), and traditional management. A company can decide on their implementation plan based on their personal needs. Dr. William Edwards Demings philosophy of total quality management has proved effective in many organizations, and if companies are willing to embrace all of its ideas and concepts, it can be successful for them.REFERENCESAguayo, R. (2010). Dr. Deming The American Who Taught the Japanese About Quality. New York Carol Publ ishing Group.Gabor, A. (2009). The Man Who Discovered QUALITY. New York Times Books, a division of Random House Inc.Green, L. TQM FAQs. Online. Retrieved October 11, 2013 from http//www.skyenet.net/leg/tqmodel/tqmfaq.htm.Green, L. TQM Total Quality Management Diagnostics. Online. Retrieved October 16, 2013 from http//www.skyenet.net/leg/tqm.htm.Hellriegel, D., Jackson, S., Slocum, J. (2009). Management 10th Edition Ohio South-Western College Publishing.Author Unknown. Online. Retrieved October 8, 2013 from http//www.eskimo.com/mighetto/1stqm.htm.

Ernest Hemingway: Prelude To A Tragedy :: essays research papers

Ernest Hemingways self-annihilation was foreseen by most who knew him well. During hislifetime, he was a very well-rounded, yet seemingly unsatidfied man. He appeared to beafraid of nothing, not even death. In fact, in many of his poems and short storiesconceited on death. His hobbies include bullfighting, big game hunting, and war, whichall included the same risk death. Hemingway saw that he was predestined to die, and hisonly hope was to face the inevitable stoically. He set colassal expectations for himself,and he looked at himself as a failure whenever he achieved a less than great status. Hemingway was very accident pr whiz, and also inclined to become ill rather frequently. Also, his convey committed suicide in 1928 due to depression and health problems.Hemingway was brought up in a almostwhat prestigious family, and he was urged tofollow the footsteps of his parents. His mother taught him music, and made sure he waswell-educated in the arts, while his father wanted him to study medicine. His parents ran astrict household, and disciplined his well as his other siblings. In his youth years,Hemingway love to go hunting and fishing and engage in war games with his friends. When World War I began, Hemingway wanted to go fight, but his father forbadehim to. Despite his fathers wishes, he went anyway. Unfortunately, because he had lessthan perfect eyesight, he was not allowed to fight. Instead he accepted a job as anambulance driver in Italy, where he got a first-hand look at death. Hemingway traveled all over the world during his lifetime, writing close his experiences and everything he saw. He married four times, his continuing relationship lastingonly about twelve years. As mentioned before, Hemingway was very accident prone. InWorld War I, he was hit by some Austrailian artillary and seriously injured his leg. Afternumerous operations, he ended up with two hundred and twenty-seven scars on his leg. In another incident, he was complicated in a plane c rash, but no one was seriously injured.They managed to call out another plane, and as soon as it took off, it also crashed. In thisaccident, he lost virtually all use of his kidneys, which resulted in extremely high bloodpressure. He was administered drugs to keep his blood pressure down, but one of themajor side effect they had on him was depression. Hemingway developed a verywithdrawn, moody personality, and often talked of suicide. His last wife, with whom hewas still married, was very concerned about him and sent him to the Mayo clinic to treat

Dostoevsky’s influence on Bryusov

The aim of the paper is to see the line of Dostoevskys field out on the creative work of Valeriy Bryusov through his prose fib The Republic of the southerly Cross originally published in 1907. It is stated, that the main influence, through which The Republic of the southern Cross may be seen from the viewpoint of Dostoevskys creative work is the influence of his Raskolnikov on the commission Bryusovs story has been written. Similar analogies can be traced through the comparison of the Dostoevskys works and statement that The Republic of the southerly Cross is antiutopia.(Jackson, 1958) However, to clearly see these similarities it is necessary to analyze the story closer. The Republic of the Southern Cross remains to be the most popular prose work of Bryusov. He has been able to write realistic fantastic story, which has immediately cal guide critics for te comparisons with the Dostoevskys works. The dead end of the mickles lives which Bryusov was able to depict is easily seen in Dostoevskys Crime and penalization. It must be said that this classless exterior concealed the purely autocratic tyrannyof the sh beholders and directors of a former Trust. Giving up to others the places of deputies in the Chamber they inevitably brought in their own candidates as directors of the factories. In the men of the Board of Directors was concentrated the economic life of the country. The directors received all the orders and assigned them to the various factories for fulfilment they purchased the materials and the machines for the work they managed the whole business of the factories. Through their hands passed immense sums of m unmatchabley, to be reckoned in milliards. (Bryusov, 1907)The influence of Dostoevsky was seen through the fact that antiutopic scenes in Bryusov be based on the Raskolnikovs dream in Crime and Punishment. (Jackson 1958) However, it is also workable that when writing his Republic Bryusov was also using the principal themes of the Apocalyps es. The initial situation of the subject who has sinned is very similar to that of Raskolnikov, his loneliness and sadness which he does not really realize himself. From the citation above, it is easy to understand why people started to suffer from the Disease of Contradiction.The endlessness of the silly behaviors of people in the republic has led to the terrible catastrophe, and only several men try to resist to this chaos. A train conductor on the metropolitan railway, instead of receiving money from the passengers, himself pays them. A policeman, whose obligation it was to regulate the traffic, confuses it all day long. A visitor to a gallery, walking from room to room, turns all the pictures with their faces to the wall. A newspaper page of proof, being corrected by the hand of a reader already overtaken by the disease, is printed next morning full of the most amusing absurdities.At a concert, a sick violinist on the spur of the moment interrupts the harmonious efforts of the orchestra with the most dreadful dissonances. A whole long series of such happenings gave plenty of scope for the wits of local journalists. (Bryusov, 1907) Isnt it similar to the way Raskolnikov was seen to behave after he has committed the crime? The cling of morality in the society is also in the line with moral fall of Rasolnikov. (Jackson, 1973) Bryusov makes picky stress on the way morality disappears and people become animals.Morality was seen as the thin surface which has been easily breached despite the fact that it had been held with people through millennia. However, the story is as if the reverse reflection of Dostoevskys Crime and Punishment if he has been able to show the fall of morality in Raskolnikov at the beginning of his book, do it the center of his revival, spiritual and moral tortures, as well as his understanding of the seriousness of his crime, the story written by Bryusov makes the reverse action and the moral fall is shown at the end of the story, with the life of the Republic making it possible step by step.These are the characteristic features of antiutopia. It means, that the story shows the consequences of utopia, works with complex social models and suggests possible development of the certain social events. Dostoevsky didnt do this in his story he has not suggested any other versions of Raskolnikovs crime. The lines of Dostoevskys Notes from the Underground are even more clearly seen through reading Bryusovs The Republic.Dostoevskys Notes have been written as the means for Dostoevsky to show that he had been against any stern rationalism in the human life, and it was probably his biggest maintenance that once human lives would be ruled by rationality, about which we have read in The Republic. The symbols of this fear included by Dostoevsky into his work are mathematical tables and piano key. For example, if the analogy is made between the anthill and the ants, according to Dostoevsky, the individuality is lost when all an ts work towards one and the same objective, especially when the work is standardized, as everything has been standardized in The Republic.(Brians, 1995) Mathematical tables appeared to be the way to investigate the feelings of people in the notes, precisely it is comprehensible that the fears and other emotional states of people cannot be mapped out, and the result of this mapping out was described by Bryusov. Dostoevsky as a writer was against discussing and explaining the behavior of people in scientific terms and means. This behavior he has been explaining through other deeper meanings, which are also found in Crime and Punishment.(Jackson, 1973) The greatest example of science and modernity that Dostoevsky presents to the reader is the Crystal Palace. The Crystal Palace was a structure built in 1851 in London. It was the first modern building. It was made entirely out of water ice and iron. This palace was supposed to be as good as it gets. It was utopianism brought out into real life. To Dostoevsky it represented reason, science and logic. (Brians, 1995) The parallel with Bryusovs Republic is so vivid that cannot be deniedBecause of the severity of the climate, an impenetrable and opaque roof had been built over the town, with powerful ventilators for a constant change of air. These localities of the globe have but one day in six months, and one long night also of six months, but the streets of Zvezdny were always lighted by a luminous and even light. In the same way in all seasons of the year the temperature of the streets was kept at one and the same height. (Bryusov, 1907)In Dostoevskys prose people are seen to be submitted to an organized living through the strict standards which are uniform for everyone without an exception as far as people were working in one environment towards the same goal, individualism was absent, as well as it was absent in the Republic. Conclusion The influence of Dostoevsky on the creative work of Bryusov is clear, and the Republic of Southern Cross is the brightest example to see this influence. It has been analyzed through the two essential Dostoevskys works Crime and Punishment and Notes from Underground.The reason for choosing these two stories lies in the fact, that first of all, The Notes and The Republic are often criticized for being similar in their literary implications and backgrounds, and the work has proved that the principal motives are similar in two as for Crime and Punishment, I guess it was a good example to show the moral fall of people, and how fast it can be to turn people into beasts, and though the development of the events and moral fall are opposite in both works, it has been interesting to trace analogies in them.Works cited Brians, Paul. Study Guide Notes from the Underground. Washington show University, 1995 Bryusov. V. The Republic of the Southern Cross. 1907. Available at http//gaslight. mtroyal. ab. ca/repsouth. htm (accessed 03 March 2007) Jackson, R. L. Twentiet h Century Interpretations of Crime and Punishment. Prentice Hall Trade, 1973 Jackson, R. L. Dostoevskys Underground Man in Russian Literature. Mouton, Hague, 1958.

The Evident Existence of Races

Mevery sociologists believe that races do non exist in that locationfore stimulate to find alternative groupings to study racism or patterns of racial wrong in the United Kingdom. There exist umteen differing theories but no impermanent method of find out the true cause of racism. This disquisition will outline the different theories used by sociologists and attempt to show the patterns of ethnical disadvantage present in Britain.Racism is thought by well-nigh(prenominal) to be the notion that some ethnic groups argon course superior to others. The Oxford Dictionarys definition of the word race is A group of persons of cat valium stockHuman abilities be determined by race.Although travel and Racism are defined in the oxford dictionary sociologists claim that races do not exist. They have considered the work of human biologists who in turn have studied the genes of many individuals that are said to be associated with different races. The results of these studies show that there is no distinctive gene that defines which race a person belongs to. Blood groups have been examined and results show that while some races have higher tendencies to certain blood types, no single race has been found to have one particular blood type unique to their origin. Due to there being no conclusive biological evidence biologists refer to different races as different populations. Any pagan differences are said to be ethnic differences, not differences in race.There is a look that if race does not exist then sociologists nett rightfully use the term in their study of different populations. It is cod to this belief that they must find alternative ways of analysing population differences. The history of race is important to examine in the attempt to show why ordinary people, know as actors, still think that race exists.Racism is thought to have always existed. The Romans considered slaves as being inferior to themselves, but there has been no scientific evidence to su pport claims of superiority. In the early 18th century until early in the 19th century there was a progressive belief that there was basic similarity amongst all men, that social differences were due(p) to the environment. This view was overridden by the rise of scientific racism where all social differences found previously were labelled and explained as natural. But once more race has never been a scientific concept. It was due to this that in the 20th century political/ object lesson reasons forced scientific racism into decline and was eventually replaced by cultural racism, which shares the same beliefs.Racism is thought to be a set of beliefs and racial dissimilitude the set of practices that are synonymous with these beliefs. There are several contrasting views of racism and racial discrimination. The functionalist model looks upon it via the perspective of race relations, that racism exists due to the foot of bad relations between races. Due to race not existing, functi onalists study situations that are apparent in society. They look at events which actors define as racial, and by this expedient they examine the processes of racialism.John Rex a radical weberian believes in the conflictional view that competition over scarce resources in different markets is the cause of conflict between Afro-Caribbeans, Asians and whites in relation to employment and housing (Bulmer et al, 1999335). He says that it is not due to the lower wages which ethnic minorities receive.The Marxist perspective focuses on labour relations. An ideology masking contradiction of capital between capitals need for free labour and nationalism. Robert Miles, a catchy line Marxist believes that class is the determining factor and all inequalities derive from class inequalities. Miles is very much alone in his claim but features the example of the white working class fearing immigrants due to a rise in unemployment levels and a decline in standard of living. However, Miles states t hat the immigrants were not the cause of this. He claims that capitalism was. He states many find this hard to see becauseWe are offered definitions and theories of racism which are so specific to the history of overseas colonisation (that is specific to the domination of white over black as so many writers express it) that they are of little value in explaining any other non-colonial) context(Miles, R (Bulmer et al, 1999344))Another Marxist theory focuses on wider relations. function has no reality but can be used in analysis, this theory is concerned with racial politics and how they may be nonparasitic of class. Marxists who follow this belief say that groupings and conflicts intersect, and may not actually be connected with class.With the term race being seen as invalid by many people the question has arisen. Are we better to talk about ethnicity rather that race?Ethnicity is a sense of identity to a group that shares a super C history. Ethnic groups are also held together by ties of language, culture and group spirit that are now referred to as nationalism. There are also territorial reserve ties, although many ethnic groups had previously left their homeland they still share a common geographical link. The term ethnicity is often confused with race, again when talking about ethnicity there have never been boundaries whether cultural or geographical that clearly states the limits of ethnic groups, even though many believe ethnicity is naturally determined. The idea that ethnicity is natural is said to be wrong. Ethnic differences are cultural, we all have an identity, though we may not always be certain of it.There has recently been a revival of ethnic differences followed by reactions to discrimination and racial disadvantage. An example of this is Afro-Caribbeans beliefs of what Britain would be able to offer them, these beliefs have changed due to certain types of discrimination and disadvantage. Cultural and religious issues can now be seen as mor e significant than economic inequalities. There are however some problems with ethnicity. Emphasis is placed on difference and cultural issues of power and inequality, therefore, ethnic groups may be seen to be fixed racial groups with another identity.Racial disadvantage in the United Kingdom is visible in many different areas of the companionship. Employment, breeding and crime are just a few examples. Throughout employment, even segmentation can be seen to be apparent via clustering. Ethnic minorities are more in all probability to work for themselves, graduates from these backgrounds tend to do relatively badly, many Asians are self-employed and Afro-Caribbeans are largely recruited to the private sector. This shows that ethnic or racial factors are involved in stratification in Britain. Within the stimulus generalization that, ethnic minorities are tracked less equally, individual successes and inter-group variations are present. This is shown by vertical segmentation, Af ro-Caribbeans being placed at lower levels of employment than Asians.When the The Race Relations Act was amended in 1976 The citizens committee for Racial Equality was established to promote racial symmetry. This was to try to counter the acts which had been enforced prior to the Race Relations Act of 1965. Such acts, for instance, as the British Nationality Act 1948 and the Commonwealth Act 1962 which where more concerned with restricting immigration than trying to promote inviolable race relations. In the context of the recruitment of employees, the Race Relations Act 1976 stated that it is unlawful to discriminateBy a company giving racial instructions to a personnel officer or an employment agency.In relation to terms of pay.By rejecting an applicant or refusing to consider him for the post on the basis of race.These laws were enacted in order to try to increase equality in employment. As a mechanism to bring about change to employment rights the Commission for Racial Equali ty has made extensive recommendations to successive governments including a move to make ethnic monitoring compulsory for all employers with an excess workforce of 250. In the belief that ethnic monitoring is essential for progressing to racial equality.Racial disadvantage has also been found to be present in the theatre of education. Before 1973 it was cognize that white pupils topped the performance list with Asians and Afro Caribbeans coming further down. The differences in levels of performance were considered to be related to the duration of the pupils stay in the UK. Newcomers would have experienced problems adapting to a new way of living and may even have encounter communication problems. Moving on to early 1970s 1980s the focus of discrimination in education moved to examine the effects of class and the school at which they enrolled. It was found that ethnic minorities are more likely to go to an underachieving school than their white counterparts due to their class frame work, lower income and location.Curriculum was also thought to be a cause of the poor academic findings relating to ethnic minorities. The syllabus that the schools were offering was not relevant to children from ethnic backgrounds, a white curriculum concentrated on white history and the history of Britain. This was modified to give a wider education on the history of ethnic countries in an attempt to make studies more relative for ethnic minorities. With these problems tackled, education monitoring in the 1980s showed children from ethnic backgrounds to be improving at a faster rate than white children of the same age.Schools support the right of all children to receive quality education and fair treatment. The governing body of education aims to ensure that no one receives less favourable treatment on the grounds of race or any other social/cultural labels. It is believed that racism can be goldbricked from an early age but to control this unwanted learning the children must be taught respect for other people in-order that they might learn rights from wrongsIf segregation of the sexes or races prevails, if authoritarianism and hierarchy dominate the system the child cannot help but learn that power and status are dominant factors in human relationships.If the teacher and the children are each respected units, the lesson for respect for the person will easily tapeThe Race Relations Act of 1976 again places barriers on education by stating thatBy excluding a pupil from the establishment or by treating him unfavourably in any other wayis unlawful. Now in higher education a higher percentage of ethnic children stay on after 16 years old. This is encouraging but fewer now enrol at university, on academic courses and more drop out. This however can no hourlong be explained due to lack of adjustment since most were born here and therefore need no time to adjust to the a new community or learn a new language.Within the Criminal Justice System racial discriminati on also exists. It is understood that black people are far worse off at every stage of law enforcement. They are more likely to be stopped by Police, charged with unsafe offence, prosecuted, convicted, and imprisoned. They are less likely to be given lenient treatment for example, fined, put on probation, or allowed bail. It has been declared that in 1997 the United Kingdom had one of the highest levels of racist orientated attacks in Europe, and that 1 in 3 British citizens classed themselves as racist (Thompson B., Roots of poison).Racial hatred and prejudice is an example of extremism, when cultural differences start being connected to race a persistent hatred can occur. Racism, it is argued, is a specific form of discrimination usually associated with skin comment and ethnicity. It involves the use of power of one group over another. When this power is unequal it enables those that share a particular culture to deny others access to opportunities, hence treat them in a racist way.As well as being more inclined to be the perpetrators of crimes, ethnic minorities are also prone to be the victims. These crimes are not however due to ethnic background but are due to the social background of their class. Despite this, people are sometimes ignorant to this fact and state that ethnic crimes are more apparent because they are of an inferior race.A Report by Sir William Macpherson that examined the Lawrence case (in which it was claimed that the police unheeded their job because the victim was black), was published on 24th February 1999. In the report, which was presented to the Government and to the Home Office, McPherson revealed that the problems, which occurred during the case, were the result of Institutional Racism defined asThe embodied failure of an organization to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their colour, culture or ethnic originIt was said that institutional racism can not be used in the labeling of individuals but must be a label that is associated with the organization as a whole. It is due to the finding of racial disadvantage, that the police have set up Operation Athena to tackle the problems outlined in the report. The operation aims to improve prevention, awareness, communication, response and the identification of needs in the context of ethnic minorities.The three examples of employment, education and crime are only a selection of the sectors of the community that show racial disadvantage. Although there is no finite definition of race there has been continual work to improve the social conditions for ethnic minorities. It is hoped that in the future there will be racial harmony between all populations and that true equality will be gained.

Premarital Cohabitation Essay

Over the past 30 years countries fool undergo a phenomenon that has raised legion(predicate) questions about the future of the institution of union. Western societies, such as the United States, Canada, and countries in Western Europe have witnessed a virtual explosion in the number of unmarried cohabitating couples. Quite a number of studies have been done to research what effect, if any, this trend has on the subsequent marriage, and how does this affect any children as a result of this union. According to some estimates, since the 1970s, the number of couples that live unneurotic has more than tripled.However, there are two sides to the story one, proposes that pre marital cohabitation is like a runnel marriage and allows people to eventually marry the one they are more comfortable and compatible with. The other point of view is that premarital cohabitation leads to a high divorce set up in the society and whitethorn overly have other negative effects. However, research suggests that there is little merit to the claim that cohabitation effectively serves as a trial marriage. Furthermore, studies indicate that premarital cohabitation is actually detrimental because it leads to high divorce order and dissolution of marriage.Why Would People Prefer to live together To understand the effects of cohabitation it is necessary to review why people cohabit in the first place. About 50% of cohabitating individuals express the belief that living together without is a way to determine compatibility forwards getting married. Based on the premise that premarital cohabitation allows couples to determine compatibility, this practice should result in more invariable marriages. However, evidence suggests that the contrary is true. Cohabitation is linked to lower levels of marital satisfaction.Couples who preliminaryly lived together are reported to spend slight time together in share activities. They report high(prenominal) levels of marital disagreement, less(prenominal) supportive behavior, less problem-solving, more marital problems, and greater perceived likelihood of marital dissolution (Amato 2003). Premarital Cohabitation Leads to high Divorce Rates Research has shown that cohabitation is extremely unstable. For example, Canada has experienced a ninefold increase in the numbers of cohabitating couples, as well as a multiple increase in the number of divorces over the past 30 years.Re centime studies have not only indicated that cohabitation is negatively linked to marital stability, but studies alike indicate that living in common law is related to a decrease in quality of marriage (Hall 1995). In a survey conducted by the Australian Institute of Family Studies Family Formation Project showed that after 5 years of being married, 13 per cent of those who had cohabited in the first place marriage would divorce, versus six per cent of non-cohabiters. ten years later, the difference increased to 26 per cent for those who had cohabited and 14 per cent for those who had not.After 20 years, there was a further increase of 56 per cent of people who had cohabited versus 27 per cent of those who had not (Weston 2007). Many reasons are cited for the resulting instability and the higher(prenominal)(prenominal) divorce rate among former couples who formerly cohabitated. Cohabitators are thought to comport more unconventional values and attitudes than those who marry without cohabitating. Those who cohabitate are thought to have a weaker commitment to marriage in general, or they may have higher expectations about the quality of marriage than those who do not cohabitate.Cohabitators are in addition thought to have socioeconomic or personality characteristics that are linked to higher likelihood of union dissolution (Dourleijn 2006). Among these socioeconomic and personality factors which are thought to be linked to higher instances of marital dissolution are parental divorce, less education, lower income, prem arital pregnancy and childbirth, being non-white, and having had a previous divorce (Cohan 2002). According to research conducted and published in the American Sociological Review, it was concluded that boilers suit association exists between premarital cohabitation and subsequent marital instability.The dissolution judge of women who cohabit premaritally with their future spouse are, on average, nearly 80 percent higher than the rates of those who do not. (Bennett, Blanc, and Bloom 1988). Based on the US data, researchers have shown that marriages that are preceded by living together have 50 per cent higher disruption rates than marriages without premarital cohabitation. In Sweden, researched showed that cohabiters were more likely to divorce even if the period of marriage is counted from the beginning of cohabitation.A subsequent study also found that premarital cohabitation, regardless of the nature or reason it is associated with an increased risk of marital instability. Base d on the work of Bennett, Blanc and Bloom (1987) whose findings correspond with previous findings, the following conclusions can be made knowing that cohabiters and non-cohabiters differ in the sense of higher risk of divorce, the researchers set about to explore if there are other characteristics which were unique to these two groups, or a factor which can show that it is not premarital cohabitation alone which leads to higher divorce rate.While no one factor was found to support the argument that cohabitation caused the difference, researchers did not find a characteristic to dispute the argument. According to their data sample, women who cohabited were juniorer than those who did not. They are also more likely to have had a premarital conception, and were twice as likely to have had a premarital birth. For those who marry at a young age, or who have had a premarital birth have higher divorce rates. However, the first birth within a marriage has a stabilize effect, and for these couples divorce rates are one quarter lower. These results are consistent with previous research.In 1985, it was found that for every year of age an adult attains before marrying, the risk of dissolution decreases by 16%. Education achieved for women is negatively related with the possibility of divorce. However, for this aspect other factors may also be involved. When social setting was considered, similar findings were found. Social background is measured by using the occupation of the main breadwinner in the household. This factor indicates level of education achieved, parents marital status etc. It was found that women in households with a white collar worker as the breadwinner had higher divorce rates than other women.Another provoke finding concerns the duration of how long the couple have been together. The researchers assume that people who cohabit can be roughly divided into two groups those who believe in the institution of marriage, and those who dont. In such a case, t he less committed group should be seen to have higher divorce rates. This should be observable if the birth between cohabitation and dissolution should decrease with increase in duration. This is proved by the data researchers had collected. Their findings show that for up to two years of marriage the divorce rates of people who had cohabited before was almost three times.This reduced to twice for people who were married for two to eight years. After eight years, the differences in divorce rates of cohabiters and non-cohabiters are statistically insignificant. Thus one interpretation of this is the fact that people who cohabit have characteristics that make them more likely to have higher chances of a divorce. Another finding points to the fact that women who cohabit premaritally for more than three years have a 54 percent higher divorce rate than those who have cohabitated for shorter periods of time. This is because the former groups of people have such characteristics which make them less w ill lucking to commit.These include valuing ones independence and being more self-reliant (Bennett 1987). another(prenominal) Adverse Effects The increase in the rate of premarital cohabitation raises important concerns about the institution of marriage from a societal perspective. One concern is that individuals may find cohabitation to be an attractive arrangement and will be more likely to view marriage as undesirable. Another concern is that the high rate of dissolution among couples will reinforce the view that intimate relationships are fragile and temporary, thereby reducing the view within society that marriage is a recognise lifetime commitment.In addition, research shows that cohabitation is linked to delayed marriage, an increase in nonmarital fertility, less commitment to marriage, and greater approval of divorce and nonmarital cohabitation. Furthermore, societies which have experienced a sharp increase in premarital cohabitation rates have also experience d an upward trend in divorce, premarital sex, and premarital pregnancy rates, magical spell marriage and marital fertility rates have declined (Balakrishnan 1995). ConclusionAlthough a number of individuals believe that cohabitation provides a means by which couples may determine their compatibility before getting married, there is a vast body of strong evidence that suggests otherwise. Married couples who previously lived together report high levels of marital disagreement, spend less time together, and are more likely believe that their marriage will end in dissolution. These couples tend to be less supportive of each other, and they engraft fewer problem solving skills.Cohabitation has been linked to lower commitment levels among couples, diminished views on the marital relationship in general, and a higher divorce rate. These ill effects are directly linked to the cohabitation trend, which has exploded over the course of the past few decades. Researchers believe that cohabitati on leads to unstable marriages because those who cohabitate tend to have weaker commitment to marriage in general, or they may have higher expectations for the quality of married life. Cohabitators are also more likely to hold unconventional views on marriage.It has also been observed that those who cohabitate tend to have other socioeconomic and individual characteristics that are linked to a higher rate of marriage dissolution. In addition to the higher divorce rate that seems to be directly related to the dramatic increase in cohabitation, other undesirable effects have also resulted. Societies that have experienced a surge in premarital or nonmarital cohabitation have also seen a sharp increase in premarital pregnancies, delayed marriage, and greater word sense and approval of divorce and nonmarital cohabitation.

Purpose and History Essay

The Code of Ur-Nammu assumed an understanding that the law descended from the gods, and the king or linguistic rule was the administrator of the law on the part of the people. Under this code, severe penalties were considered to be unnecessary for the majority of crimes. Since people believed to know how they should behave towards each other, monetary fines served as a reminder of how to behave (Mark, 2014). The structure of the Code of Hammurabi is really particular, with each offense having a distinct discipline. The punishments tended to be extremely critical compared to todays modern day standards, many a(prenominal) of the offenses resulted in death, disfigurement, or the use of what we know today as Eye for eye, tooth for tooth (Lex Talionis Law of Retaliation) philosophy. The Code of Hammurabi is one of the soonest examples of law where the assumption of innocence has been incorporated, and the accused and accuser have the opportunity to produce and present evidence on the ir behalf. However, no provisions were made for extenuating spate to be presented in order to alter any prescribed punishment. History of prison developmentDuring the early colonial years, prisons had not yet been developed as a form of punishment for crimes. The colonists did however use jails, copying the English system of gallows, in order to hold defendants who were awaiting trial or for those already convicted and were awaiting their collective or capital punishment. These jails had deplorable conditions. Poor men, women, and children were all housed together, with very little food or sanitary conditions. Offenders who could afford it paid a fee in order to forfend jail this early bail system enabled the rich to pay a fee in order to be released. The conditions in twain the English and colonial jails during the 1600s and 1700s were so deplorable that few doubted the need for reform (Richard P. Seiter, 2011). Comparison of the protoactinium and chromatic systemThe Pennsylv ania system was known as the separate and silent system, with lock up enforced and inmates not allowed to see or talk with each other. Through this approach, it was believed that offenders would not be morally contaminated and be trained in crime by other prisoners. There were several problems with the Pennsylvania system. First, it was almost impossible to keep prisoners from seeing and communicating with each other. Second, it was very expensive to operate, as a requirement to keep prisoners separated this increased the number of staff members needed. Third, there was very limited productivity by inmates, as a requirement to work alone in their cells did not allow for as much production of goods for resale as was desired. Fourth, opponents of the operation of the Pennsylvania prisons suggested that the solitude oblige on prisoners made many of them mentally ill. Finally, the planned operation was modified almost immediately.Two prisoners were placed in a cell together so one cou ld learn a trade from the other and increase the production of goods. The warden of the Eastern Penitentiary, Samuel Wood, used prisoners as servants in his home and allowed them to communicate. The Pennsylvania system seemed doom from its beginning and forced prison operators in other states to search for new approaches to overcome the problems. Although there was great interest in the Pennsylvania system, only cardinal states ( upstart Jersey and Rhode Island) adopted its separate and silent system. However, both soon abandoned the Pennsylvania system in favor of the improved system that was created in Auburn, New York (Richard P. Seiter, 2011). The Auburn system became known as the congregate and silent system as officials continued to reduce the spread of criminal ideas by inmates through silence and strict discipline. Barnes and Teeters describe the enforcement of the system through lockstep marching with eyes downcast, hard work and activity while outside cells, and prohibit ions of inmates even being face to face.after the operation of Auburn was copied at Sing Sing prison in New York, as well as at prisons in other states, the Auburn system was recognized as better than the Pennsylvania system. The prisons were cheaper to build and operate, the congregate style allowed production of goods and more income for the state, and fewer prisoners developed mental health problems. otherwise prisons being built across the country adopted the Auburn system. The operation of prisons for sentencedoffenders received international attention, and many countries sent representatives to examine the operation of both the Pennsylvania-style and Auburn-style prisons.Although the Pennsylvania style of prisons was seldom favored in the United States, most international visitors found advantages in both, and many preferred the Pennsylvania system because of its effort to avoid contamination among prisoners. During the first half of the nineteenth century, the Auburn style o f silence, hard work, separation at night, congregation during the day to maximize production of goods, and strict come across was the method used for most American prisons (Richard P. Seiter, 2011). Impact and involvement of prison labor over timeThroughout US history, there have been many laws both morally and ethically concerning prison labor. The Hawes-Cooper Act and the Ashurst-Sumner Act made interstate trading of prison-made goods illegal. During the 1970s, many of laws regarding prison labor were amended. The Justice System benefit Act of 1979 allowed for the privatization of prisons and the transport of their goods across state lines. Once this change in the law took place, the prison constancy profits sky rocketed from $392 million to $1.31 billion. Prison industry partnerships benefit both businesses and inmates. Businesses are provided with a stable, motivated work force, with reduced overhead, an alternative to overseas operations, and a made in the USA label. Inmate s are provided with income to source the cost of their incarceration, allows for compensation to victims and provides the inmates family with support. Inmates have the ability to learn a trade and gain valuable work experience (U.S. Prison Labor At radix and Abroad, 2003).ReferencesMark, J. J. (2014). Ancient History Encyclopedia. Retrieved fromhttp//www.ancient.eu.com/Ur-Nammu/Richard P. Seiter. (2011). Corrections an introduction. Retrieved from Richard P. Seiter, CJA234 Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice Admin/Human Services website.U.S. Prison Labor at collection plate and Abroad. (2003). Retrieved fromhttp//www1.american.edu/TED/jail.htm

How useful is the term ‘cultural revolution’ when applied to the sixties?

The mid-mid- sixties are definitely remembered by its generation as a time of large change. Many associate the period fondly with memories of groups such as The Beatles and The Kinks, at the same time remembering the many protests and movements that hoped to change the ideas and values of society. In perform to whether the full term pagan revolution is useful when applied to the sixties, study of these disciplines is most truely necessary.Despite the period of study being only a matter of decades from symbolise day, we still face the same problems any historian would face come aboutn the same question applied to a time centuries ago. The validity of the sources is of utmost immensity fortunately in regards to the music of the sixties we have records from the time, and charts to show the popularity of groups and artists. In regards to the field of science, in that location is a great variety of primary source satisfying due to the nature of the profession.One could safely as sume that the documented research and findings were indeed accurate and reliable information from educated captains. Science in the sixties is very much(prenominal) associated with protests, surprisingly not only by rebellious base of operationss alone respected public figures and people at the top of their fields and professional careers. With figures such as Eisenhower raising concerns regarding the dominance and excess of troops weapons the public had to stand up and listen. Peoples faith in the government was undermined by the disillusionment of events that happened in the Vietnam War.The sixties almost certainly contri besidesed to the changing in attitudes towards authority, leading the way for if not a cultural revolution, then a shift in peoples thinking, and an credulity for civilians to be left in the dark. People were willing to stand up for what they believed in, which resulted in a number of forces converging to cause traditional values to be thr profess aside. Ho wever, at the same time we must acknowledge that these concerns that were being voiced in the early sixties were primarily a result of the military development in technological warfare in the forties and fifties such as the atomic bomb.The question was, why had these concerns taken so immense to be voiced? A major part in the many protests and movements had to be the media both television and radio were in the position to sensationalize an issue and selectively control the information they presented. Therefore, people began to be driven more by drama than by tradition and reflection. Images of devastation from around the world were transmitted into peoples animateness rooms and for the first time they were able to see for themselves the devastation of war and military arms.If we understand the term cultural revolution as a transformation in the attitudes towards authority and a change in the everyday lives of people then television had to be at the new wave of this revolution. It was a huge influence easy the protests at MIT opposing Americas involvement in the Vietnam War. These images outraged people and this rage ignited movements to oppose the war and resist the conscription. Attitudes to authority changed, there was an outrage against a government who were sending the sixties youth to their deaths for a war that didnt involve America.As a result of scientific research in aid of war, the sixties saw the inlet of chemical warfare biological weapons such as DDT were developed and used to kill vegetation and crops that the Vietcong were using as groundcover and as food sources. This was a huge revolution and advancement in scientific development but further fuelled the concerns of movements of two kinds, those that were anti-science, and those that were not against science but the practices of scientists in the latish sixties.The revolution similarly affected the way in which scientists carried out their work, they had lost their intellectual freedom the military governed what research they conducted and prohibited them from create their findings in journals and publications. These were definitely the results of a technological revolution. The irony is, that whilst the government and military funded expensive scientific research, putting not only finances but also great amounts of control and trust into the scientists, it was these scientists who had the most power over the country.Opposition to military involvement wasnt the only counter-movement regarding scientific research in the sixties there was also huge objection in the roles of women in scientific study. The grievance was more than the issue that there were few women working in the science field, but also that the majority who had been successful in pursuing a career in science werent able to sustain their posts. A study by Rossi in 1965 showed that compared to males, more females across a range of occupations voluntarily left their posts, more so in the field of scien ce.The study also showed that women counted for only 10% of individuals who worked in science. It was findings like this that began movements for the cause of womens liberation and were a sign of changing times and a revolution in the role of women who sought for the same rights to education and employment opportunities as men. It was also two women in science who played a major role in revolutionizing ideas intimately the human embryo. Lenz and Kelseys research went against all that previously been believed about pregnant women and their unborn children.Theyre research tackled and exposed the ignorance of traditional practices primarily challenging the idea at the time, that what didnt harm the pregnant mother, couldnt harm her child. Through their insistence that babies reply differently to drugs, nicotine, alcohol etc, they radically transformed neonatal studies. When applied to the struggle for women to be acknowledged in the field of science, the term cultural revolution is e xtremely useful, because movements in the sixties paved the way for more women into education.For example, the demand for advanced education to be more accessible to women saw the number of women graduate in primatology go from zero in the 1960s to eight out of ten students in the 1990s. This was clearly an outstanding achievement that shows the impact of the sixties. Music was another field that underwent a radical transformation during the sixties. It wasnt simply a case of new trends being introduced however. The sixties music scene was about existing trends, the revival of early music and the introduction of original sounds.In terms of music, the sixties could be seen as a cultural revolution. The variety of styles contributed to challenging existing ideas about music, and showed the importance for them to co-exist to establish a rich and lively music scene. The sixties music scene is renowned for being associated with the Beatles and rebellious figures such as Jimi Hendrix and The Kinks, however, at the same time existing trends were still hugely popular as was the early music revival. It was the co-existence of the three that made the sixties revolutionary.Bands and artists embraced the rich and diversified music styles, and the sixties saw much experiment with lyrics and instruments. Not least, among these were The Beatles, their shift from usual music styles is evident in Sergeant Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band. Heavily influenced from eastern styles, this was nothing in advance(p) however, it was a relatively unheard style among the British fans. It appealed to the sixties generation who sought alternative lifestyles and the blending of cultures set to challenge pre-conceived ideas of Brit-pop.Jimi Hendrix was also at the forefront of the sixties music revolution, with erotic and suggestive mannerisms he appealed to the generation who consumed sexual liberation. His rebellious and aggressive music was something that protesters and anarchists at the time could identify with, finding their own voice in this expressive form. The early music revival, although established in the late fifties, was at its most prevalent in the sixties. This interest in a period of music that had previously been forgotten demonstrated a transformation in the tastes of the sixties generation.Although classic composers such as Handel and Bach had been popular in preferably periods, there was one main difference in the appreciation of early music during the sixties. The emphasis of the early music revival was the desire for authenticity the sixties saw a change to how these compositions were performed which led to experimentation in tempo, instruments and styles of singing. It is argued that the sixties were not an isolated period for cultural change and that the sixties merely followed on from what had began in the late fifties.The changes that were seen to happen in the sixties could just as well be attributed to the upshot of the end of the war. Fam ilies had experienced a great ruction in their lives many had been killed in the war and had left families shattered. The womens liberation could be a reaction to women resenting their return to domestic duties and pre WWII lifestyle, after having filled the roles of men in the workplace when manpower was limited. The seventies also played their part in this cultural change despite the rise of feminism and gay rights initiating in the late sixties, they didnt fully come into fruition until the seventies.However, in spite of the roles the fifties and seventies played in what is seen as a cultural revolution, the sixties is undoubtedly same with all that was radical and new at that time. In conclusion, having only looked at two disciplines, it leaves us limited to answer whether the sixties were indeed a cultural revolution. However, in regards to the examples weve seen in both the fields of music and science, there is certainly proof that the sixties were a significant time for cha nge.Its impossible to know for certain whether these changes would have taken place if not for situations and circumstances that arose during the sixties, and whether they were in fact just a consequence of a nation recovering from war. Despite this, the term cultural revolution is certainly useful when applied to the sixties in a number of examples attitudes to authority were challenged, women gained greater access into education and music appeared to unite and give voice to rebellious protesters who sought a change in ideas and values.

Methods of Data Collection Essay

IntroductionData Collection is an important sentiment of any type of research study. Inaccurate data collection passel wedge the results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results. Data collection orders for impact evaluation vary along a continuum. At the one final stage of this continuum are vicenary methods and at the other end of the continuum are qualitative methods for data collection. Bakhtadze (201282) When you rich person decided on a topic, refined it and specified objectives, you detonate considering the ways of collecting the evidence you require. The initial question that guides you is What do I need to know to reaction my research problem? Why do I need it? After you have answered the question you get cracking choosing the best ways of collecting information. Researchers next decide how they are going to collect their empirical research data.That is they decide what method of data collection ( adjudicate, questionnaires, focus group, observation, inte r dioramas) they are going to office to physic entirelyy obtain research data from their research participants. University of Wilconsin (2012)The vicenary data collection methods, rely on random sampling and structured data collection actors that fit diverse experiences into predetermined response categories.They produce results that are at extended(p) to summarize, compare, and universalize. Quantitative research is concerned with testing hypotheses derived from theory and/or being able to estimate the size of a phenomenon of interest. Depending on the research question, participants may be randomly assigned to different treatments. If this is not feasible, the researcher may collect data on participant and situational characteristics in order to statistically control for their deviate on the dependent, or outcome, variable. If the intent is to familiarize from the research participants to a larger population, the researcher will employ prob capacity sampling to select part icipants. Typical quantitative data gathering strategies acknowledge* Experiments/clinical trials. * Observing and recording well-defined events (e.g., counting the turn of events of patients waiting in emergency at specified clock of the day). * Obtaining relevant data from management information systems. * Administering batchs with closed-ended questions (e.g., face-to face and telephone interrogates, questionnaires etc). Wikipedia (2012) In statistics, see methodology is the field that studies the sampling of individuals from a population with a view towards making statistical inferences somewhat the population using the sample. Polls virtually public opinion, such(prenominal) as political beliefs, are reported in the watchword media in democracies.Other types of keep an eye on are used for scientific purposes. Surveys provide important information for all kinds of research fields, e.g., marketing research, psychology, health professionals and sociology. A survey may fo cus on different topics such as preferences (e.g., for a presidential candidate), behavior (smoking and drinking behavior), or factual information (e.g., income), depending on its purpose. Since survey research is always based on a sample of the population, the success of the research is dependent on the representativeness of the population of concern.Survey methodology seeks to identify principles about the design, collection, processing, and analysis of surveys in connection to the cost and quality of survey estimates. It focuses on improving quality within cost constraints, or alternatively, reducing costs for a fixed level of quality. Survey methodology is both a scientific field and a profession. Part of the task of a survey methodologist is making a large set of decisions about thousands of individual features of a survey in order to improve it. The most important methodological challenges of a survey methodologist include making decisions on how to * Identify and select poten tial sample members.* Contact sampled individuals and collect data from those who are hard to reach (or reluctant to respond). * Evaluate and test questions. * Select the mode for posing questions and collecting responses. * Train and supervise interviewers (if they are involved). * Check data files for accuracy and internal consistency. * Adjust survey estimates to correct for place errors. Advantages* They are relatively easy to administer. * Can be developed in less time compared with other data-collection methods. * Can be cost- assembleive. * Few experts are ask to develop a survey, which may increase the reliability of the survey data. * If conducted remotely, can reduce or obviate geographical dependence. * Useful in describing the characteristics of a large population assuming the sampling is valid. * Can be administered remotely via the Web, mobile devices, mail, e-mail, telephone, etc. * Efficient at collecting information from a large number of respondents. * Statistica l techniques can be applied to the survey data to determine rigourousness, reliability, and statistical significance even when analyzing multiple variables. * Many questions can be asked about a given topic giving considerable flexibility to the analysis. * Support both between and within-subjects study designs. * A wide range of information can be collected (e.g., attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviour). * Because they are standardized, they are relatively free from several types of errors.DisadvantagesThe reliability of survey data may depend on the following* Respondents motivation, honesty, memory, and ability to respond * Respondents may not be motivated to give accurate answers. * Respondents may be motivated to give answers that present themselves in a kindly light. * Respondents may not be fully aware of their reasons for any given action. * Structured surveys, particularly those with closed ended questions, may have low validity when researching affective variables. * Self-selection bias Although the individuals chosen to participate in surveys are often randomly sampled, errors due to non-response may exist ( Adr et al. (200813) . That is, spate who favor to respond on the survey may be different from those who do not respond, thus biasing the estimates.For example, polls or surveys that are conducted by calling a random sample of publicly available telephone numbers will not include the responses of people with unlisted telephone numbers, mobile (cell) phone numbers, people who are unable to answer the phone (e.g., because they normally sleep during the time of day the survey is conducted, because they are at work, etc.), people who do not answer calls from unknown or unfamiliar telephone numbers.Likewise, such a survey will include a disproportionate number of respondents who have traditional, land-line telephone answer with listed phone numbers, and people who stay home much of the day and are much more worryly to be available to particip ate in the survey (e.g., people who are unemployed, disabled, elderly, etc.). * Question design. Survey question answer-choices could lead to vague data sets because at times they are relative only to a person-to-person abstract notion concerning strength of choice. For instance the choice moderately agree may mean different things to different subjects, and to anyone interpreting the data for correlation. eve yes or no answers are problematic because subjects may for instance put no if the choice only once is not available.QuestionnairesWikipedia (2012)A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. Although they are often designed for statistical analysis of the responses, this is not always the case. The questionnaire was invented by Sir Francis Galton. Questionnaires have advantages over some other types of surveys in that they are cheap, do not require as much effort from the questioner as verbal or telephone surveys, and often have standardized answers that make it simple to compile data. However, such standardized answers may frustrate users. Questionnaires are also sharply peculiar(a) by the fact that respondents must be able to read the questions and respond to them. Thus, for some demographic groups conducting a survey by questionnaire may not be practical. As a type of survey, questionnaires also have many of the same problems relating to question construction and wording that exist in other types of opinion polls. canonical rules for questionnaire item construction* Use statements which are interpreted in the same way by members of different subpopulations of the population of interest. * Use statements where persons that have different opinions or traits will give different answers. * Think of having an open answer category after a list of possible answers. * Use only one aspect of the construct you are interested in per item. * Use positiv e statements and avoid negatives or double negatives. * Do not make assumptions about the respondent.* Use drop and comprehensible wording, easily understandable for all educational levels * Use correct spelling, grammar and punctuation. * Avoid items that contain more than one question per item (e.g. Do you like strawberries and potatoes?). Questionnaire administration modesMain modes of questionnaire administration are * Face-to-face questionnaire administration, where an interviewer presents the items orally. * Paper-and-pencil questionnaire administration, where the items are presented on paper. * Computerized questionnaire administration, where the items are presented on the computer. * Adaptive computerized questionnaire administration, where a selection of items is presented on the computer, and based on the answers on those items, the computer selects following items optimized for the testees estimated ability or trait. -Wikipedia.Org Observational studyIn epidemiology and statistics, an observational study draws inferences about the possible effect of a treatment on subjects, where the assignment of subjects into a treated group versus a control group is outside the control of the investigator. This is in contrast with experiments, such as randomized controlled trials, where each subject is randomly assigned to a treated group or a control group before the start of the treatment.Wikipedia (2012)Although, observational studies cannot be used as reliable sources to make statements of fact about the safety, efficacy, or effectiveness of a practice, they can still be of use for some other things They can 1) provide information on real world use and practice 2) detect signals about the benefits and risks ofthe use of practices in the general population 3) help formulate hypotheses to be tested in subsequent experiments 4) provide part of the community-level data needed to design more informative virtual(a) clinical trials and 5) inform clinical practice. Bakhtadze (1072012) Observation is watching behavioral patterns of people in certain situations to obtain information about the phenomenon of interest.Quantitative ObservationQuantitative Observation involves the standardization of all observational procedures in order to obtain reliable research data.Qualitative ObservationQualitative Observation involves observing all relevant phenomena and taking extensive field notes without specifying in advance exactly what is observed.Focus GroupsBakhtadze (1062012) A focus group is a type of group interview in which a group moderator (working for the researcher) leads a discussion with a small group of individuals to examine how the group members think and feel about the topic.Purposes of Focus groups1. Obtaining general background information about a topic of interest 2. Stimulating new ideas and creating concepts 3. Generating impressions of products, programs, services, etc. 4. Learning how respondents talk about the phenomenon of intere st 5. Interpreting previously obtained qualitative resultsSummaryA method of data collection is the procedure that a researcher uses to physically obtain research data from research participants. The method of data collection that is used in a research study is discussed in the method section of a research report. . Finally, the methods of data collection discussed in this paper work can be mixed by using the fundamental principle of mixed research to strengthen the evidence provided by a research study.ReferencesAdr, H. J., Mellenbergh, G. J., & Hand, D. J. (2008). Advising on research methods A consultants companion. Huizen, The Netherlands Johannes van Kessel Publishing. Bakhtadze, I., 2012.Course note on Research Methodology, Department of Education, International Black sea University, Tbilisi-Georgia. World Bank, n.d Data Collection Methods, 2012 viewed 28th of declination 2012 http//www.worldbank.org/poverty/impact/methods/datacoll.htm University of Wilconsin, n.d., Data Co llection Methods, viewed 28th of December 2012 http//people.uwec.edu/piercech/researchmethods/data%20collection%20methods/data%20collection%20methods.htm Wikipedia, 2012, Questionnaire, viewed 28th 0f December 2012 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Questionnaire Wikipedia, 2012, Survey Methodology, viewed 28th 0f December 2012 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_survey Wikipedia, 2012, Observational Study, viewed 28th 0f December 2012 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_study

Othello Essay

In the play of Othello, Shakespeare skillfully uses the opposition of light and wickedness to express the ironic conflict of race and Othellos familiar conflict propelled by his sense of distinctness and jealousy. By doing so, Shakespeare challenges the audiences traditional associations of light and apparition. He also allows us to see the how upcountry conflict could lead to ones complete destruction. Shakespeare uses the opposition of light and darkness to express the racial conflict in Othello.Literally, light and darkness can be holded as etiolate and black. The meter period during which the play is set has an Elizabethan audience who made general associations with these two colours. White was primarily associated with fairness and nobility whereas black was usually assigned to negative connotations such as evil and corruption. barely in this play, Iago and Othello are portrayed inversely against this traditional generalization. Othello has a black physical appearance further inside, hes a fair and distinguished hero at the beginning of the play.This is supported when the Duke of Venice amenities Brabantio ab discover the marriage of Othello and Desdemona by saying that Your son-in-law is far more fair than black. In wrinkle of Othello, Iago is a white man in the Venetian society with an absolute black soul. He plots against Othello passim the play for his own benefits and to satisfy his professional jealousy. In his revenge plan, Iago remarks that Othello will as tenderly be led by thnose/ As asses are. Iagos duplicity is also proved by his confession to Roderigo.He states he belongs to the kind of battalion who trimmed in forms and visages of duty. Keep merely their hearts attending on themselves. Through the traditional associations around light and darkness as advantageously as black and white, Shakespeare shows us the ironic contrast between Othello and Iago, while the black-skinned Othello is pure and the white- skinned Iago is corr upt, a Machiavellian, a personality type, someone who was not true to their word, and its the one that the Elizabethan audience feared.In this manner, Shakespeare challenged the general ideas of the Elizabethan society which ranked black people racially to be lower. Shakespeare also allows us to consider the representation of appearance versus reality. What we see with our own eyes is not always the truth, so its not necessary for anyone to have racial bias. Shakespeare also employs the opposition of light and darkness to express Othellos internal conflict. Figuratively, light can be associated with love and honesty, whilst darkness can be used to represent suspicion and jealousy.Throughout the play, Othello always views himself honourable, as the light, and so is his love for Desdemona, which is also associated with light. However, after Iago has manipulated him into believing Desdemona is unfaithful, he starts to suspect his wifes fidelity, I think my wife be honest, and think she is not. His etymon to his internal conflict is to kill Desdemona. But the metaphor put out the light, and then put out the light suggests that he still doubts whether his wife is truly unfaithful or not, as he refers to Desdemona as the light.Ultimately, he regrets his commitment of killing Desdemona by referring to her as a pearl and himself the base Judean who throws it away. provided in his final speech, Othello presents to the audience his insistence that he is not easily jealous. This brings us, the audience, to see the disaster of the play, the power that Iago wielded, and the great loss of love. Through the use of the opposition of light and darkness, Shakespeare expresses how Othello has kept switching his judgment and judgment from rightness to falseness. The fact that Othello is a black man being in a white world is vital.His sense of feeling himself as other exacerbates his insecurity. This dark side of Othellos character as a result causes him to lose self-control an d commit a series of irrational actions. We witness his pillowcase away from his original lightness. Shakespeare therefore shows us that the Moor has become internally darkened through his internal conflict in terms of feeling jealous and his sense of otherness. In conclusion, Shakespeare uses the opposition of light and darkness to show us the racial conflict in the Elizabethan society and the internal conflict of Othello.He inverts Iago, a white man, as evil, and Othello, a black good man who does wrong because of Iago. Shakespeare therefore challenges the Elizabethan audiences traditional associations of black and white. Othello is the play that allows us to connect with Othellos action. We are shown how people can complete an absolute destruction when they are caught by their internal conflict, just as the noble Othello has been darkened by his sense of insecurity and jealousy.

Critical thinking Essay

1. How does critical persuasion affect you as a reader and writer? How can thinking critic solelyy improve your piece of music? Critical thinking affects a person as a reader and writer in that it is essential to be able to pull in and assimilate knowledge from the environment as well as organize sensations protest thoughts and express oneself in a unclutter and comprehensive manner. It is important to consider critical thinking as organism a twofold process.As a reader, one is able to utilize critical thinking as a tool to analyze information being taken in from the come to the foreside. Not in all information is useful or truthful to a person, and critical thinking is a method of filtering out what is incomprehensible or untruthful and absorbing what is meaningful and valid. As a writer, critical thinking is use in relation to ones own personal creative thoughts, coming to subjective conclusions rough what one believes almost the world and expressing these beliefs through writing.Critical thinking is able to improve peoples writing in that the ideas one wants to express become central to the writing process, to develop the perfect means of stating what one desires to say. It is essential to utilize critical thinking in both reading and writing, so that one is able to take in and organize the information from the external environment and make personal judgments and assertions about what one believes. All situations and experiences are both objective and subjective, in that people experience events within the linguistic context of the external world.It is important to be able to digest and process information from the external world in an organized fashion, so that one is able to accurately describe and share ones experiences with others. 2. get the following Discussion Question response written by Owen, a fictional student. Identify areas of vagueness and ambiguity and discuss how you might clarify the e-mail message using the writing principles ad dressed in the text. In the response written by Owen, the writing style is such that the reader is not able to clear bring in what is being said.There are instances of vagueness and ambiguity in the writing, and Owen is left appearing as if he does not truly understand what he is supposed to be writing about. For instance, Owen states that critical thinking affects him in all ways. Although this may be true, there is not enough information describing in which ways he is affected. It is important to include enough detail in writing, so that the reader is able to full comprehend what is being claimed. Owen goes on to say that clear writing is the hardest thing in the world.Although Owen may be having difficulty with his own writing, clear writing is not the hardest thing in the world for all people. Instead of generalizing and making blanket statements, Owen should be plain and honest in saying that clear writing is difficult for him personally. Further on, Owen claims that critic al writing is like business writing in that they both indispensableness a certain amount of structure, yet then claims that structure is harder. These ideas are simply uncorrelated and do not logically proceed from one another.One cannot compare two styles of writing as being similar and then immediately state that they are dissimilar, at least not without a clear explanation and transition. Overall, Owen could improve his own writing style by paying attention to explaining himself in detail, by taking the necessary time to organize his own thoughts before writing them down. It is vital to express oneself in a clear and comprehensive manner, so that other people are able to easily understand what is being conveyed.

Ge Case Study

Date April 27, 2009 Course 5130 Strategic Thinking Session 3 Assignment GE Case Study The culture at General Electric, before jackass Welch assumed his role as CEO in 1981, was highly decentralized, where significant emphasis on strategic envisionning was levied on 43 Strategic Business Units. However, Jacks vision of changing the culture of the partnership was a precedency to him. As a result, Jack began the culture change by replacing 12 of his 14 occupancy heads.He re outd them with new managers who had a strong commitment to the new caution values, with a willingness to break from the overaged culture, and had the ability to take charge and bring about change. Welch precious to reflect a management bearing of openness, candor, and sensation of facing reality. In addition to the culture change, he wanted the culture to be characterized by speed, simplicity, and self-confidence. Instead of continuing with the old style bureaucracy characterized by large corporation, Welch wanted to create a culture of sm all companies where everyone had a voice and felt engaged in their bank line.One of the openings Welch implemented in the late 80s, which was instrumental to changing the culture at GE, was called Work-Out. This attend was designed to call for un rented bureaucratic induce out of the system while creating a assemblage in which management and employees could work out new ways of dealing with each other, and cut out the bureaucracy. This open style forum would bring 40 to 100 employees together to sh atomic number 18 their views about their byplay and how it might be improved.The work-out consisted of three-day sessions where employees would get the prospect to lists all of their problems, debate solutions to these problems, and prep ar presentations. On the 3rd day of the session, the employees would make their recommendations and the process would read the bosses to make decisions on the spot in front of every employee and their peers. Welc h also tapered of realigning skills sets and changing the brain of his employees with GEs new strategy and organizational imperatives.Because of this new demanding environment, several(prenominal) employees felt overworked and there was some residual distrust from the lay strikes that took place during the 80s hence, he recognize this challenge and felt the need to redefining his commitment to his employees. As a result, a new psychological contract developed which gave a wizard to the employees at GE that their jobs were the best jobs in the world. They had the best training and development resources, and they provided an environment committed to providing opportunities for face-to-face and professional growth.A nonher initiative Welch took on, as a way to shock the culture at GE, was by introducing the notion of reaching to set mathematical operation targets. In addition to setting their basic targets, managers were asked to set stretch goals for their businesses as a way t o reach for a higher mark knowing that they would be rewarded handsomely if they hit these goals. Within a year of introducing stretch goals into the organization, GE was reporting significant progress in areas such as inventory turns and operating margins. Finally, one of the last cultural changes Welch was able to integrate at GE was having a boundaryless company.This vision is characterized by an open, anti-parochial environment, friendly toward the sharing and seeking of new ideas, regardless of its origin. He visualized removing all barriers amongst disciplines and operations, and one that removed labels in titles and hierarchy chain. Equally important to having a boundaryless company was changing the internal mindset of selling merchandises to hel oarlockg their customer to win. In order to make all of these cultural changes, Jack Welch necessitate to make human resource changes which will allow him to execute on his vision to be the best company in the world.He introduced the 360degree feedback process where employees were graded by his or her manager, peers, and all subordinates on a 1 to 5 scale in areas such as team building, quality focus, and vision. Management went through rigorous appraisals, development, and succession planning reviews named Session Cs. Welch also wanted to make certain that they maintained their best employees. He asked top executives to identify future attractions, outline think training and development plans, and detailed succession plans on all key jobs.He didnt resembling the reward system of insignificant salary increases year after year. Instead, stock options became the primary component of managements compensation. In their Crotonville facility, priority became to develop a generation of future leaders aligned with GEs new vision and cultural norms. The place evolved from a training center to a place where teams of managers worked together on real priority issues and decided on results-oriented action. One of Welc hs concerns regarding some of his managers was their unwillingness to embrace the open and participative values he espoused.As a result, he categorized his leaders into 4 different types ? First type delivers on commitments and shares the values of the organization. This type of leader certainly had a heavy(p) future at GE. ? Second type was the complete opposite to the previous type. This type of leader did not deliver on commitments nor did he or she share the values of the organization. This respective(prenominal) did not last bulky at GE. ? Third type of leader misses his or her commitments but shared the companys values. This individual would be given a second opportunity, most likely in a different environment. The 4th type of leader was one whom Welch, and most top managers, had more difficulty dealing with. This is the type of leader who delivers on his commitments, but does not share the values of the organization. These types of managers are typically characterized b y being autocratic, and who forces performance out of their employees as opposed to inspiring his people. These types of leaders were exposed during the 360 degree feedback process, and were subsequently let go. Finally, Welch envisioned only having A players across his organization.Individuals who displayed a vision, had leadership qualities, were energetic, and displayed courage. These individuals were characterized with the 4 Es had energy, could energize others, had an parade about them, and were able to execute their job. As a result, GE ranked their employees into the following 5 categories establish on long term performance, also known as the Vitality Cure 1) Top 10%, 2) Strong 15%, 3) Highly Valued 50%, 4) Borderline 15%, and 5) Least Effective 10% In order to mobilize the organization to develop and execute business strategies, Welch did the following 1.Reduced bureaucracy by being lean and agile, which resulted in 50% reduction of strategic planning staff. 2. Scrapped GEs laborious strategic planning system, and replaced it with real time planning. 3. Eliminated sector aim managers, previously the powerful level of strategic control. Hierarchy levels went from 9 to 4, and they all reported directly into Jack. 4. Instituted the process of Best Practices or Benchmarking. This process was intended to increase productivity by sharing best practices employed by each business amongst each business.In addition, the implementation of Best Practice resulted in development of effective processes rather than peremptory activities customer service was their main gauge of performance treating suppliers like partners and an emphasis in providing a unalterable stream of high quality new products designed for efficient manufacturing. At the end of the day, Welch was regarded as the superlative CEO during his days at GE because he was able to envision, communicate and execute on what he wanted GE to look like. He began by delivering the message that all GE busin esses had to be either 1 or 2 in their category, otherwise they needed to disengage.GE took a serious climax to become a global company. During the earlier to mid-80s, they make several major acquisitions, and these businesses were responsible for implementing their own plan appropriate to their particular needs. Welch, however, remained very involved with these companies, and he also applied the standard of excellence where they needed to be either 1 or 2 in their business. Welch also wanted to reduce the amount of dependence on the traditional industrial products, which resulted in a new business strategy initiative of pushing for product services.By the supplement the traditional industrial products with added-value services, Welch believed that services would present the biggest growth opportunity for GE. This new initiative led to a number of acquisitions. Benchmarking with companies such as Motorola and Allied Signal, Welch understood how the vi Sigma quality initiative t hese companies had been utilizing could significantly impact GE. Six Sigma was a discipline, statistic-based system aimed at producing not more than 3. 4 defects per million iterations for any business processfrom manufacturing to customer transactions.One of GEs early successes in utilizing the Six Sigma process was in its Lighting division, where the use of Six Sigma was credited for cutting government note defects and disputes by 98 percent. On his final days at GE, Welch introduced his last business initiative targeted at GEs e-business. The program called destroyyourbusiness. com, or dyb. com, provided focus and challenged each business to look for opportunities via the internet within their own business. Welch felt the opportunities through this medium loomed large, and Welch was very pleased with the early results.Without a question, Jack Welch made a significant mark during his time at GE both professionally and in society. He changed the way businesses are managed and ope rated, and he left a legacy of future managers whom have moved on to lead large corporations. Unfortunately, some of them have not enjoyed the same success Welch experienced. Nonetheless, it is impossible to deny Jack Welchs impact on the global business during his time at General Electric. Porters Five Forces We, at Thomas & Betts, are constantly battling against all 5 of Porters forces. succeeding(a) are examples on how our business is impacted by these forces 1. RIVALRY We certainly view companies such as Cooper Industries and Hubbell as our primary rivals. For the most, one of us controls a big a portion of the business at the electrical distributors. Because of the legacy products our companies were built on are so similar, our customers tend to use set as a way to get what they want. As a way to combat pricing pressures, our focus is to bring new products to market providing financial benefits, such as labor savings, to the end-user. . THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES Unfortunately, there are a significant number of competitors that we compete with in every product line we manufacture. Many of these competitors do not have the capacity or product breadth Thomas & Betts has, and thats the value marriage offer we offer to our customers. The ability to purchase multiple electrical lines, and placing it in one order, having one shipment, and paying one invoice. However, it has being difficult to quantify what this means to our customers from a financial perspective.As a result, our customers continue to pin each supplier against each other by using pricing, rebates, and/or promotions as a thwart to get a better deal. 3. BUYER POWER Fortunately for us, we have a high level of brand recognition and demand at the end-user level. We work with Specifiers and Engineers to get our products specified on jobs, which gives us leverage when dealing with a distributor on how much business they should award us. 4. BARRIER TO ENTRY As previously mentioned, one of the barrier s of entry in our industry is controlled by what type of brand or product the specs calls for on specific jobs.For the most part, specs list a primary supplier and a substitute brand that allows us to compete in most situations. Another barrier to entry could be at an account where the relationship of the existing supplier is so strong that were better off spending our time developing other distributors. 5. SUPPLIER POWER Once again, the supplier has the power in situations where the end user specifies which supplier they would want to use in a specific job. At that point, the distributor has to work with the specified supplier and the leverage swings in the suppliers side. Pricing and competitive threats are removed off the table.

An Analysis of the Poem “The Tyger” by William Blake Essay

In the first stanza we can observe that the word tiger is written with a y instead of an I, this is to give the word an inclination towards Ancient Greece. This is most followed by the head rhyme () burning bright () .This alliteration is wasting diseased by the author to emphasize the strong, bright, shiny colors of the tyger. The symmetry y highlighted in this stanza, this is closely related to the spelling of the word because in Ancient Greece symmetry is seen as beauty. It also speaks well-nigh an immortal hand or eye, which makes an allusion to the creator of this tiger, which is said to be a god. The pattern of the numbers is also symmetrical.The second stanza has in the first line the excogitate distant deeps, this is an alliteration and it is used to keep how distant those depths are. Later on, the author writes on what wings dare he aspire, the meaning of this straight connected with the god who make the tiger. What the author is trying to emphasize is that if the ty ger is, at the same time, such a horrific but beautiful creature, what the creator of this beast is like.In the third stanza, the god creator of the tiger is seen as an artist, as the author writes And what shoulder, & what art. This shows the appreciation he has for the creators work. This is followed by the phrase and when thy heart began to beat, this highlights a symbol of the gods power to create life, and it represent a symbol of life.In stanza number four, the god is presented as a Hammersmith we can see this by the use of the words hammer, furnace, anvil. There is also an alliteration that says dare its deadly this remarks how mortal are the tigers claws.In stanza number five, there is a reference to shooting stars which says when the stars threw down their spears. With this stanza the generator asks many rhetorical questions like, if the god smiled when he saw his creation? if he is the same god that made Christ?. These questions are asked with the meaning of making the re ader ask himself about the nature of this god. Is this god axenic wakeless?The sixth stanza, repeats the first one. This installs inthe poem the shape of a traffic circle. The author did this because a circle is a typical symbol of eternity. This highlights the everlasting life of the tyger and of its creator. This poem makes us think about how powerful, beautiful, good but at the same time evil, is the god that made this work of art.